The concept of heterodyne mixing of laser fields is theoretically applied to the process of high-harmonic generation to enhance and modulate the kinetic energy of the active electron on subcycle time scales. A very small amount of intensity in the heterodyne field creates a significant modification of the electron kinetic energy, due to its amplification by the strong fundamental field in the k...

The reduction of the energy gap due to Landau level mixing, characterized by the dimensionless parameter λ = (e/ǫl0)/h̄ωc, has been calculated by variational Monte Carlo for the fractional quantum Hall effect at filling fractions ν = 1/3 and 1/5 using a modified version of Jain’s composite fermion wave functions. These wave functions exploit the Landau level mixing already present in composite f...

The salinity difference between seawater and river water is a renewable source of enormous entropic energy, but extracting it efficiently as a form of useful energy remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a device called "mixing entropy battery", which can extract and store it as useful electrochemical energy. The battery, containing a Na(2-x)Mn(5)O(10) nanorod electrode, was shown to extract ...

Today, increasing energy costs require effective processes, especially in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Particularly, energy-intensive mixing processes offer high potential for optimization. Despite great efforts of research mixing of liquid-liquid components is not completely predictable. To construct mixing systems, empiricism is used rather than basic knowledge. Local mixing qualit...

We performed an extensive study of configuration mixing between the doubly excited (doorway) states and complex multiply excited states of U 28+ near its ionization threshold. The detailed investigation of complex spectrum and analysis of the statistics of eigenstate components show that the dielectronic (doorway) states weakly mixed with each other. However, they show substantial mixing with t...

The Schwinger-Dyson equation for the quark self-energy is solved in the quenched ladder approximation for several cases of oneand two-quark-generations. The exchanges of standard model gluons and Higgs bosons are taken into account. It is found that Higgs boson exchange dominates the quark self-energy in the ultraviolet region for sufficiently large input quark masses (> 75 GeV), causing the ru...

The performance of multilayered thin film materials often depends sensitively upon the (physical) roughness and degree of (chemical) mixing at interfaces. Irradiation of a growth surface with an assisting ion beam is often used to modify surface roughness. Molecular dynamics has been used to explore the use of low energy (less than 20 eV) Xe+ and Ar+ assisted deposition of model Ni/Cu/Ni multil...

The Gibbs free energy of mixing dissipated when fresh river water flows into the sea can be harnessed for sustainable power generation. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is one of the methods proposed to generate power from natural salinity gradients. In this study, we carry out a thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of PRO work extraction. First, we present a reversible thermodynamic mod...

The phase mixing of Alfvén waves in planar twodimensional open magnetic plasma configurations is considered. It is assumed that the characteristic vertical spatial scale of the configuration is much larger than the horizontal scale, and that the latter is of the order of a wavelength. The WKB method is used to derive the governing equation for the wave amplitude, which in appropriate coordinate...

The τ lepton arising from the scalar tau (τ̃ ) decay is naturally polarized. Pτ depends on the left–right mixing of the τ̃ and the gaugino–higgsino mixing of the neutralino. The polarization Pτ could be measured from the energy distribution of the decay products of τ at future e+e− colliders. A measurement of Pτ and of the τ̃ production cross section allows to determine both these mixing angles. E...