OBJECTIVE To investigate the possibility of reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 through breast-feeding by prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) treatment of the infant during the breast-feeding period. DESIGN An open-label, nonrandomized, prospective cohort study in Tanzania (Mitra). METHODS HIV-1-infected pregnant women were treated according to regimen A of the Petra trial w...

T he availability of reduced nitrogen and phosphate are limiting factors in the productivity of many terrestrial ecosystems. The majority of land plants increase phosphate nutrition by developing intimate associations with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi. Legumes are unusual among plants because they also establish a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, known generally as rhizobia. A high leve...

This paper provides evidence concerning political participation (turnout, awareness, attendance at meetings, campaign involvement, voting) and its relation to local governance in a developing country, based on a rural household survey in West Bengal, India. With the exception of education and immigrant status, we find that reported participation rates varied remarkably little with socio-economi...

The former monotypic genus Oligoneuria Pictet was known solely by a female subimago of the type-species Oligoneuria anomala Pictet. A new species of the genus Oligoneuria from the Atlantic rainforest of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro is described. The description was based in males and females imagos of Oligoneuria macabaiba sp. nov. caught with light traps. This species presents similar wing venation, ...

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been a great privilege to be a graduate student in the Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the Texas Tech University and work closely with my advisor Prof. Dr. Kwong S. Chao. His keen insight into system and integrated circuit design is the key factor in the success of this research. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Sunanda Mitra, for her willingness...