introduction: neurodegenerative diseases are progressive disorders that could impair neuronal functions and structures. oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and etc. gemfibrozil is used as a therapeutic drug for hyperlipidemia. it has been shown that gemfibrozil is neuroprotecti...

To test the hypothesis that asbestos-mediated cell injury is mediated through an oxidant-dependent mitochondrial pathway, isolated mesothelial cells were examined for mitochondrial DNA damage as determined by quantitative PCR. Mitochondrial DNA damage occurred at fourfold lower concentrations of crocidolite asbestos compared with concentrations required for nuclear DNA damage. DNA damage by asb...

Oxidant-induced death and dysfunction of pulmonary vascular cells play important roles in the evolution of acute lung injury. In pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), oxidant-mediated damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) seems to be critical in initiating cytotoxicity inasmuch as overexpression of the mitochondrially targeted human DNA repair enzyme, human Ogg1 (hOgg1), prevents both mtDNA...

Routine exercise is widely recognized as cardioprotective. Exercise induces a variety of effects within the cardiovasculature, including decreased mitochondrial damage and improved aerobic capacity. It has been generally thought that the transient increase in oxidative stress associated with exercise initiates cardioprotective processes. Somewhat paradoxically, increased oxidative stress associ...

Serum aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes were measured in 123 hospital patients with various liver diseases, using a new and simple immunochemical method. Our findings show the usefulness of this determination in estimating the severity of hepatic damage, especially if accompanied by the measurement of other mitochondrial enzymes. During hepatic damage, the cytoplasmic isoenzyme is found in ...

Necrosis, unregulated cell death, is characterized by plasma membrane rupture as well as nuclear and cellular swelling. However, it has recently been reported that necrosis is a regulated form of cell death mediated by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). PARP1 is thought to mediate necrosis by inducing DNA damage, although this remains unconfirmed. In this study, we examined the mechanisms ...

Considering membranes and membrane components as possible pacemakers of the main processes taking place inside mitochondria, changes in phospholipids or fatty acids could play a central role linking different mechanisms involved in cumulative damage to cell molecules and dysfunction during periods of high stress, such as rapid growth and aging. Changes affecting either lipid class or fatty acid...

Lipid replacement therapy (LRT) has been used along with other strategies, such as antioxidant therapy, to replace damaged or oxidized cellular lipids that accumulate during aging and in various clinical conditions. Differing from traditional lipid nutritional supplementation, LTR replacement lipids are protected from oxidation and damage during storage, ingestion and digestion. Important lipid...

Cold preservation has greatly facilitated the use of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation but damage occurs during the preservation episode. It is well established that oxidant production increases during cold renal preservation and mitochondria are a key target for injury. Our laboratory has demonstrated that cold storage of renal cells and rat kidneys leads to increased mitochondrial superox...

Evidence indicates that many forms of fructose-induced metabolic disturbance are associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are prominent targets of oxidative damage; however, it is not clear whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and/or its lack of repair are events involved in metabolic disease resulting from a fructose-rich diet. In the present study, we e...