increased concentration of greenhouse gases is expected to alter the radiative balance of atmosphere, causing increases in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns and other climatic variables. these changes are associated with the changes in hydrological systems globally and at the basin scale. these changes include: precipitation patterns and extremes; the amount and generation of ri...

s S7 With the outbreak of novel 2009 pandemic virus, the diagnosis and the characterization of the first case in Korea was completed within a week and several research projects were immediately launched in the diagnosis, vaccine development, and pathogenicity study using the influenza A/Korea/01/ 2009(H1N1) virus. Especially for 2009 pandemic virus,mammalian pathotyping usingmouse and ferret ha...

introduction: hydrology cycle of river basins and water resources availability in arid and semi-arid regions are highly affected by climate changes, so that recently the increase of temperature due to the increase of greenhouse gases have led to anomaly in the earth’ climate system. at present, general circulation models (gcms) are the most frequently used models for projection of different cli...

In rapidly changing environments species conservation can be hindered by uncertainties in distinguishing closely related species. Cryptic ongoing hybridization add further uncertainty and could beneficial or destructive. Here, we show that a declining birch tree is hybridizing with more widespread relative the Junggar basin, NW China, their hybrids have been previously named as rare sub-species...