In an increasing number of practical situations, the quality of a process or product can be effectively characterized and summarized by a profile. A profile is usually a functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables which can be modeled frequently using linear or nonlinear regression models. In this paper, we study the effect of non-normality on pro...

introduction in 1950s, only 30% of the world's population lived in urban areas. by 2000, that proportion increasedup to 47%, and by 2050 the estimated number will be around 72%. urban sprawl, an undesirable type of urban growth, is one of the major concerns ofthe city planners and administrators. understanding urban patterns, dynamic processes, and their relationships is a primary objectiv...

The Binary Integer Programming problem (BIP) is a mathematical optimization problem, with linear objective function and constraints, on which the domain of all variables {0, 1}. In BIP, every variable associated determined cost coefficient. Minmax regret under interval uncertainty (M-BIP) generalization BIP in coefficient to not known advance, but are assumed be bounded by an interval. M-BIP fi...

We introduce a general class of time discounting, which includes time-inconsistent ones, into repeated games with perfect monitoring. A strategy profile is called an agent subgame perfect equilibrium if there is no profitable one-shot deviation at any history. We characterize strongly symmetric agent subgame perfect equilibria for repeated games with symmetric stage game. We find that the harsh...

Robust optimization of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) takes uncertainties into account during spot weight optimization and leads to dose distributions that are resilient to uncertainties. Previous studies demonstrated benefits of linear programming (LP) for IMPT in terms of delivery efficiency by considerably reducing the number of spots required for the same quality of plans. Howeve...