Isotope pool dilution studies are increasingly reported in the soils and ecology literature as a means of measuring gross rates of nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and inorganic N assimilation in soils. We assembled data on soil characteristics and gross rates from 100 studies conducted in forest, shrubland, grassland, and agricultural systems to answer the following questions: What ...

Synergistic relations between organic molecules and mineral precursors regulate biogenic mineralization. Given the remarkable material properties of the egg shell as a biogenic ceramic, it serves as an important model to elucidate biomineral growth. With established roles of complex anionic biopolymers and a heterogeneous organic scaffold in egg shell mineralization, the present study explores ...

Bone formation is indirectly influenced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) through the stimulation of calcium uptake in the intestine and re-absorption in the kidneys. Direct effects on osteoblasts and bone formation have also been established. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in osteoblasts and 1,25D3 modifies gene expression of various osteoblast differentiation and mineralization-...

PURPOSE To assess bone mineralization in adolescents with bone tumors at remission using quantitative digital ultrasound (QUS) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and to compare the bone mineralization values obtained by both methods. METHODS Patients studied were 36 adolescents (21 boys, 15 girls) who had completed treatment of a bone tumor at the University Hospital of the Universi...

Sm-Nd ages of pegmatite dikes that crosscut gold-bearing structures in the southern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, provide minimum age constraints of 2640 6 11 Ma, 2628 6 10 Ma, and 2620 6 36 Ma for gold mineralization at the Westonia and Nevoria (Yellowdine Terrane) and Scotia (Norseman Terrane) gold deposits, respectively. Similarly, a post–gold mineralization dike at Westonia has a U-Pb ...

The electrochemical mineralization mechanism of environmentally persistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at a Ce-doped modified porous nanocrystalline PbO2 film anode was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) simulation and further validated experimentally. The potential energy surface was mapped out for all possible reactions during electrochemical mineralization reaction of PFOA....

We evaluated spatial patterns of soil N and C mineralization, microbial community composition (phospholipid fatty acids), and local site characteristics (plant/forest floor cover, soil pH, soil %C and %N) in a 0.25-ha burned black spruce forest stand in interior Alaska. Results indicated that factors governing soil N and C mineralization varied at two different scales. In situ net N mineralizat...

Biodegradation of 17beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) was investigated in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) affected streams in the United States. Relative differences in the mineralization of [4-(14)C] substrates were assessed in oxic microcosms containing saturated sediment or water-only from locations upstream and downstream of the WWTP outfall in each system. Ups...

Articular cartilage vesicles (ACV), isolated by differential centrifugation of adult hyaline articular cartilage collagenase digests, mineralized in the presence of calcium and ATP. Mineral analysis by microscopy, chemical analysis, energy-dispersive analysis, and infrared spectroscopy revealed crystals resembling calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD). Adult articular cartilage also underwent ...