1 Atract-Falling of mine through air, water, and sediment is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Two experiments were conducted to drop cylindrical mine with the density ratio around 1.8 into shallow water (around 13 m deep) in the Monterey Bay (Exp-1) and into the Naval Postgraduate School’s swimming pool (Exp-2). During the experiments, we carefully observe mine track and burial de...

introduction development of natural resources and mining activities are prerequisite for economic and industrial growth in many countries. in many cases, such mining areas lie within residential or agricultural lands or natural habitats intensifying the contradiction between land use and environmental protection. different components of mining activities including exploration, extraction and pr...

St. Kevin Gulch, a headwater stream of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, receives acid mine drainage that maintains low pH, high concentrations of heavy metals, and high rates of metal hydroxide deposition. An acidtolerant alga, Ulothrix sp., is present below the source of mine drainage in St. Kevin Gulch, but its biomass is limited by the deposition rates of iron hydroxides, which are especiall...

Mine drainage waters vary considerably in the range and concentration of heavy metals they contain. Besides iron, manganese is frequently present at elevated concentrations in waters draining both coal and metal mines. Passive treatment systems (aerobic wetlands and compost bioreactors) are designed to remove iron by biologically induced oxidation/precipitation. Manganese, however, is problemat...