1. Why measure costs of conflicts? .................................................................................. 2 2. Selection of studies ................................................................................................... 3 3. Typology of costs ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Accounting methods........

Is universal social assistance unaffordable? Targeting policy has been praised as a magic solution to select the ‘deserving poor’ and efficiently use scarce resources in Global South. The article tests unaffordability hypothesis using five counterfactual analyses based on expenditure redirection (military expenditure, energy subsidies, potential illegal/odious external debt servicing) increasin...

This research work aims to verify how military expenditure promotes economic growth and industrial productivity, as suggested by the Military Keynesianism postulate. The NARDL method is employed achieve above objective on panel data of India, China, Pakistan, covering period between 1990 2018. study finds that positive negative impact has a significant effect in long run for China India; howeve...

This study examines complementarities between inclusive development, military expenditure and political stability in the fight against terrorism 53 African countries for period 1998–2012. Hence policy variables employed are stability. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with forward orthogonal deviations. paper reports three main findings. Firstly, development...