Abstract Employment of protective structures is vital for reducing the effect local scour created surrounding bridge piers. One most effective used controlling and piers collars. Hence, research on mechanism scouring combination pier collar as well reduction great significance. In this study, various width-to-pier width ratios parameters rectangular has been investigated experimentally in 180-d...

We consider the problem of drawing plane graphs with an arbitrarily high vertex degree orthogonally into the plane such that the number of bends on the edges should be minimized. It has been known how to achieve the bend minimum without any respect to the size of the vertices. Naturally, the vertices should be represented by uniformly small squares. In addition we might require that each face s...

We describe a set of ∆ − 1 slopes that are universal for 1-bend planar drawings of planar graphs of maximum degree ∆ ≥ 4; this establishes a new upper bound of ∆ − 1 on the 1-bend planar slope number. By universal we mean that every planar graph of degree ∆ has a planar drawing with at most one bend per edge and such that the slopes of the segments forming the edges belong to the given set of s...

In an orthogonal drawing of a plane graph, any edge is drawn as a sequence of line segments, each having either a horizontal or a vertical direction. A bend is a point where an edge changes its direction. A drawing is called a bend-minimum orthogonal drawing if the number of bends is minimum among all orthogonal drawings. This paper presents a linear-time algorithm to find a bend-minimum orthog...

Although inlet bent pipes are usually adopted due to limited installation space, the influences of different bend on flow characteristics and performance centrifugal compressors still unclear. The numerical simulation a compressor is established validated by experimental results with case straight pipe. Then, internal 90-degree pipe (p90) Z-shaped (pz) simulated discussed. show that adoption tw...

We describe a set of ∆−1 slopes that are universal for 1-bend planar drawings of planar graphs of maximum degree ∆ ≥ 4; this establishes a new upper bound of ∆− 1 on the 1-bend planar slope number. By universal we mean that every planar graph of degree ∆ has a planar drawing with at most one bend per edge and such that the slopes of the segments forming the edges belong to the given set of slop...

DNA bending is significant for various DNA functions in the cell. Here, we demonstrate that pseudocomplementary peptide nucleic acids (pcPNAs) represent a class of versatile, sequence-specific DNA-bending agents. The occurrence of anisotropic DNA bends induced by pcPNAs is shown by gel electrophoretic phasing analysis. The magnitude of DNA bending is determined by circular permutation assay and...