S ymbiosis is the intimate “living together” of different organisms (1), and symbiotic relationships range from mutually beneficial to neutral or parasitic. Indeed, many microbial–host symbioses can vary between these states, depending upon circumstances. Recent years have seen an explosion of discoveries revealing novel microbial–host relationships and interactions. In addition to “classic” nu...

Microbially based biocontrol of plant diseases differs fundamentally from chemical control, but pesticide regulations for microbial and chemical pesticides remain similar. In the United States, the Food, Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (19), like similar laws in other countries, requires any material making a pesticidal claim to be registered. The Act was in response to wides...

Chile is the second largest global producer of farmed salmon. The growth salmon production has not been free environmental challenges, such as increasing use pesticides to control parasitic load sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi. lack specificity can potentially affect non-target organisms, well structure and functioning aquatic ecosystems. aim this study, was understand effect on natural microbia...

b r Naturally occurring entomopathogens are important regulatory factors in insect populations. Many species are employed as biological control agents of insect pests in row and glasshouse crops, orchards, ornamentals, range, turf and lawn, stored products, and forestry and for abatement of pest and vector insects of veterinary and medical importance. The comparison of entomopathogens with conv...

Abstract DDE (2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroetylene) is a very persistent and bioaccumulative pesticide its residues are continuously found in the environment. Among green remediation strategies for soil recovery, terrestrial Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) arousing great interest scientific community. MFCs transform energy stored chemical bonds of organic compounds into electrical thanks to ...

Our investigation used carbendazim as a representative pesticide for testing an integrated soil microcosm (ISM) test protocol. Microcosms, set up in a greenhouse, consisted of cylinders made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, 7.5 cm (i.d.) x 15 cm high. A fine nylon mesh was placed across the bottom of each microcosm for leachate collection. Field soil, (silty clay loam), collected fro...

Pollutants such as pesticides and their degradation products occur ubiquitously in natural aquatic environments at trace concentrations (μg L(-1) and lower). Microbial biodegradation processes have long been known to contribute to the attenuation of pesticides in contaminated environments. However, challenges remain in developing engineered remediation strategies for pesticide-contaminated envi...

Pesticide Action Network, United Farmworkers of America, and California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation analyzed California government data on agricultural poisonings and enforcement of worker safety standards. Nearly 500 pesticide poisonings were reported for California farmworkers every year from 1997 to 2000. The actual number of pesticide-related illnesses is unknown, since many poisoning...