The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different levels of starter protein and amounts of milk fed on animal health, fecal score, immune responses and microbial population in the rumen of Holstein male calves. Two levels of starter crude protein (17 and 20% of starter dry matter (DM) and two levels of milk fed (7 and 10% of body weight) were combined in a 2 × 2 factorial exp...

Mixed model analysis of data from 32 studies (122 diets) was used to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the omasal sampling technique for quantifying ruminal-N metabolism and to assess the relationships between nonammonia-N flow at the omasal canal and milk protein yield. Data were derived from experiments in cattle fed North American diets (n=36) based on alfalfa silage, corn silage, and c...

Animal agricultural production systems are major sources of nonpoint pollution affecting quality of water sources. Nitrogen has been identified as the foremost source of nonpoint water pollution  and the potential negative impacts of N have become an area of public concern. protein degradation from feed ingredients is an important factorinfluencing AA supply to the duodenum. Ruminal proteolysis...

Animal agricultural production systems are major sources of nonpoint pollution affecting quality of water sources. Nitrogen has been identified as the foremost source of nonpoint water pollution  and the potential negative impacts of N have become an area of public concern. protein degradation from feed ingredients is an important factorinfluencing AA supply to the duodenum. Ruminal proteolysis...

Four crossbred wether Iambs (38 kg) with permanent ruminal and abomasal cannulae were used in a 4 • 4 Latin square arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of feeding frequency (FF) on forage fiber and N utilization. Lambs were offered 900 g of good quality (vegetative) Kentucky-31 tall fescue hay in equal portions either 2, 4, 8 or 16 times daily. Water consumption increased (P<.OS; l...

Protein available to ruminants is supplied by both microbial and dietary sources. Metabolizable protein (MP) is the true protein which is absorbed by the intestine and supplied by both microbial protein and protein which escapes degradation in the rumen; the protein which is available to the animal for maintenance, growth, fetal growth during gestation, and milk production. Thus, the concept of...

the effect of phosphorus supplementation to ammoniated rice straw was studied. the in vitro experiment was carried out following the first stage of tilley and terry method. the treatments consisting of four diets were a= 50% ammoniated rice straw + 50% concentrate (control), b= a + 0.2% phosphorus (p) supplement, c= a + 0.4% phosphorus (p) supplement, and d= a + 0.6% phosphorus (p) supplement o...

the aim of present experiment was to investigate the feeding value of wild pistachio leaf (khinjuk leaf, kl) for arabi sheep. the digestibility and fermentation of diets containing different amounts of khinjuk (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) were measured. then, the effect of presence of kl in the diet and its tannin content on the digestibility of alfalfa hay (alfa), wheat straw (ws) and soybea...

Introduction The in situ method is used widely to determine ruminal degradability of feed CP and DM. It is an attractive alternative to in vivo methods because it is simple, inexpensive, and rapid. However, several factors influence in situ results, the most important of which is microbial contamination of feed residues after incubation in the rumen. Degradation of forage CP and DM is systemati...