Turbulence in an incompressible fluid with and without a magnetic field as well as moderately compressible MHD turbulence are compared. The results of three numerical simulation models in three dimensions of resolution up to 512 are used for this purpose. The compatibility of the spectra of all three models with the Kolmogorov spectrum is confirmed. For the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models the ...

BACKGROUND Studies that examined dietary energy requirements (DERs) of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) have shown mixed results. Many studies reported normal DERs, but some described increased energy needs. DERs in MHD patients have been estimated primarily from indirect calorimetry and from nitrogen balance studies. The present study measured DERs in MHD patients on the basi...

It is established that the formation of rotationally supported disks during the main accretion phase of star formation is suppressed by a moderately strong magnetic field in the ideal MHD limit. Non-ideal MHD effects are expected to weaken the magnetic braking, perhaps allowing the disk to reappear. We concentrate on one such effect, ambipolar diffusion, which enables the field lines to slip re...

We present the critical conditions for hot trans-fast magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows in a stationary and axisymmetric black-hole magnetosphere. To accrete onto the black hole, the MHD flow injected from a plasma source with low velocity must pass through the fast magnetosonic point after passing through the “inner” or “outer” Alfvén point. We find that a trans-fast MHD accretion solution rel...

The authors tested the thesis that people find the Monty Hall dilemma (MHD) hard because they fail to understand the implications of its causal structure, a collider structure in which 2 independent causal factors influence a single outcome. In 4 experiments, participants performed better in versions of the MHD involving competition, which emphasizes causality. This manipulation resulted in mor...

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is pervasive in astrophysical systems. Recent highresolution numerical simulations suggest that the energy spectrum of strong incompressible MHD turbulence is E(k⊥) ∝ k ⊥ . So far, there has been no phenomenological theory that simultaneously explains this spectrum and satisfies the exact analytic relations for MHD turbulence due to Politano & Pouquet. Indee...

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) is the study of the interaction of electrically conducting fluids and electromagnetic fields. This paper presents the numerical modelling of the coupling electromagnetichydrodynamic phenomena using the Finite volume Method (FVM) in cylindrical coordinate and the stream vorticity formulation ξ, ψ in two-dimensional in an annular induction MHD pump. The magnetic indu...

We describe a formulation of two-dimensional geometrical shock dynamics (GSD) suitable for ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fast shocks under magnetic fields of general strength and orientation. The resulting area–Mach-number–shock-angle relation is then incorporated into a numerical method using pseudospectral differentiation. The MHD-GSD model is verified by comparison with results from nonlin...

Massive disk fragmentation has been suggested to be one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of giant planets. While it has been heavily studied in quiescent hydrodynamic disks, the effect of MHD turbulence arising from the magnetorotational instability (MRI) has never been investigated. This paper fills this gap and presents 3D numerical simulations of the evolution of locally isothermal...

Previous studies of general populations indicated environmental exposure to low-level cadmium increases mortality. However, the effect of cadmium exposure on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is unclear.A total of 937 MHD patients from 3 centers in Taiwan were enrolled in this 36-month observational study. Patients were stratified by baseline blood cadmium level (BCL) into 3 groups: high ...