AimThe fossil record has led to a historical explanation for forest diversity gradients within the cool parts of the Northern Hemisphere, founded on a limited ability of woody angiosperm clades to adapt to mid-Tertiary cooling. We tested four predictions of how this should be manifested in the phylogenetic structure of 91,340 communities: (1) forests to the north should comprise species from yo...

Mature fruit abscission (MFA) is an important trait in terms of both harvest and yield. MFA can affect the production economic value melon fruit. An F3 population segregating for a single gene derived from cross between line M2-10, which shows no mature (None MFA), ZT00091 was used to map candidate genes. Specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing, conjunction with bulked-segregant an...

The spiral angle of the elementary cellulose fibril in the wood cell wall, often called microfibril angle, (MFA). Microfibril angle in hardwood is one of the key determinants of solid timber performance due to its strong influence on the stiffness, strength, shrinkage, swelling, thermal-dynamics mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood. Variation of MFA (degree) in the S2 layer o...

Most marine mammal- strandings coincident with naval sonar exercises have involved Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). We recorded animal movement and acoustic data on two tagged Ziphius and obtained the first direct measurements of behavioural responses of this species to mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar signals. Each recording included a 30-min playback (one 1.6-s simulated MFA sona...

The paper investigates the application of the Mean Field Annealing (MFA) approach to graph colouring using the Petford and Welsh algorithm as a Generalised Boltzmann Machine. The operation of the MFA algorithm for a Generalised Boltzmann Machine is characterised by the deenition of an appropriate energy function which the algorithm attempts to minimise. In the case of graph colouring a relation...

Mean field annealing(MFA) is a promising tool in optimization and a neural network model based on the graph matching have attracted attention due to a number of benefits over conventional recognition models. We present a neural network model for hand-written digits recognition using graph matching and two annealing techniques, MFA and one-variable stochastic simulated annealing(OSSA). OSSA make...

Contamination of magnetoencephalogram (MEG) records by various artifacts seriously influences the estimation accuracy of magnetic sources. Although some methods have been proposed to reject contaminated records [1][2], most of them are ineffective when artifacts models are not available. In this study, we proposed to classify MEG records into contaminated records and others by mixture of factor...

Fly ash is a kind of industrial solid waste that considered “hazardous waste”. In this study, supporting matrix modified fly (MFA) was employed to package lauric acid (LA) via facile direct impregnation method involving less experimental error. A low-cost and eco-friendly form-stable phase change material (PCM) LA/MFA/graphene (G) fabricated, with G as the thermal conductivity enhancer. The pre...

We investigate the time evolution and steady states of the stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) epidemic model on one- and two-dimensional lattices. We compare the behavior of this system, obtained from computer simulations, with those obtained from the mean-field approximation (MFA) and pair approximation (PA). The former (latter) approximates higher-order moments in te...