Background Nowadays, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) affects a significant percentage of the world population. Due to the high levels of glucose, it causes several damages to the cells and, consequently, to the organism. Plants, such as guaraná (Paullinia cupana), which present bioactive compounds, could help somehow in the treatment of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Studies have shown tha...

Neonatal hyperglycaemia is a frequent complication in VLBW infants during the first week of life. The more common causes include high glucose intake, stress situations such as sepsis, NEC, and surgical treatments, as well as the administration of vasoactive drugs and methylxanthines. The appropriate definition is unclear. Hyperglycaemia has been associated with increased mortality and major mor...

Methylxanthines and methyluric acids are purine alkaloids that are synthesized in quantity in a limited number of plant species, including tea, coffee and cacao. This review summarizes the pathways, enzymes and related genes of caffeine biosynthesis. The main biosynthetic pathway is a sequence consisting of xanthosine → 7-methylxanthosine → 7-methylxanthine → theobromine → caffeine. Catabolism ...

Apnea, defined as cessation of breathing resulting in pathological changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation, is a common occurrence especially in preterm neonates. It is due to immaturity of the central nervous system (apnea of prematurity) or secondary to other causes such as metabolic disturbances etc. Secondary causes of apnea should be excluded before a diagnosis of apnea of prematurity ...

Airway mucus hypersecretion is one of the most important features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients results in outcomes such as rapid decline of lung function, poor quality of life, and high rate of acute exacerbation, hospitalization and mortality. Nonpharmacologic treatments for airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD include smoking ces...

Cumulative evidence indicates the relevance of cocoa in modulation cardiometabolic diseases. Nevertheless, pure may be rejected by many consumers due to its bitter taste. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is a Mediterranean legume with pods rich dietary fibre and polyphenols. In this study, carob flour was combined cocoa, obtain blend which subjected nutritional evaluation (proximate composition, ca...