In human beings, the muscles of the sole of the foot are known to exhibit variations. During routine cadaveric dissection, an anomalous attachment of the flexor digiti minimi muscle was observed on both sides of a 55 year male cadaver. The flexor digiti minimi muscle had its usual origin from the plantar surface of base of the fifth metatarsal bone and the sheath of the peroneus longus muscle a...

Although mechanical loading can stimulate cortical bone growth, little is known about how individual physiology affects this response. This study demonstrates that in vivo variation in estradiol (E2) level alters osteoblast sensitivity to exercise-induced strains, affecting cortical bone responses to mechanical loading. Subadult sheep were divided into treatment groups that varied in terms of c...

Soft tissue defects of the great toe that include exposed tendon and bone present a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. A distally based dorsalis pedis island flap based on the first dorsal metatarsal artery, which has been successfully used to cover the soft tissue defect following wide excision of melanoma of the big toe, is reported.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) by comparing flat on first metatarsal bone using finite element method. modeled from computerized tomography (CT) image as 3D and imported ANSYS Workbench Software. Body weight (BW) muscle forces were applied bone. was fixed at proximal region for boundary conditions. Three evaluation criteria examined results stres...

Radiographs of 277 living individuals were assessed via a numerical scoring system to determine the timing of appearance and degree of fusion between the proximal epiphysis of the fifth metatarsal and its diaphysis. The epiphysis was observed to first appear in females at 8 years and 10 years in males and fuse by 14 years in females and 15 years in males. When assessing the level of agreement o...

BACKGROUND Fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone are common and surgery is uncommon. The "Jones" fracture is known to be in a watershed region that often leads to compromised healing, however, a "true Jones" fracture can be difficult to determine, and its impact on healing in pediatric patients is not well described. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess patterns of fifth met...