Proverbs are unique metaphoric expressions, and the translator should be familiar with their meanings in both source language (SL) target (TL), keeping mind of similarities distinctions. The research aims to find out class shift it is affected translation result on novel “The Black Cat Other Stories” by Edgar Allan Poe. This study focused finding types proverbs. qualitative method uses Catford’...

In this paper we propose an analysis of the metaphor "This surgeon is a butcher!” discussed in Grady, Oakley & Coulson 1999, introducing it into a mental space framework derived from conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), blending theory (BT) and cognitive semiotics. The method of analysis is to work backwards; we attempt to reconstruct the meaning of the butchersurgeon metaphor by giving a step-by-...

In this paper we present a previously unexplored approach to recognizing the textual extent of temporal expressions. Based on the observation that temporal expressions are syntactic constituents, we use functional dependency relations between tokens in a sentence to determine which words in addition to a trigger word belong to the extent of the expression. This method is particularly attractive...

This paper describes in outline a method for translating Japanese temporal expressions into English. We argue that temporal expressions form a special subset of language that is best handled as a special module in machine translation. The paper deals with problems of lexical idiosyncrasy as well as the choice of articles and prepositions within temporal expressions. In addition temporal express...

The harnessing of time-related information from text for the use of event detection, for example, requires a leap from the surface forms of the expressions to a formalized time-axis. We present a methodology for extraction of Finnish temporal expressions and a scheme of comparing the temporal evidence of the news documents. We employ the comparison in identifying news events.

A new architecture for identifying and interpreting temporal expressions is introduced, in which the large set of complex hand-crafted rules standard in systems for this task is replaced by a series of machine learned classifiers and a much smaller set of context-independent semantic composition rules. Experiments with the TERN 2004 data set demonstrate that overall system performance is compar...

recent developments in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance and the ubiquity of metaphors in language. their effect has been instrumental in making significant headway into the pedagogical practice and design of teaching materials. the current study was carried out to explore the efficacy of focus-on-form (fonf) and focus-on-forms (fonfs) instructions on learning metaphorical l...