In 1959, Cooper et al. (1) described the isolation of an enzyme from Polyporus circinatus Fr. which catalyzed the oxidation of galactose by molecular oxygen. MTe have previously described a procedure for the purification of such an enzyme from culture filtrat,es and have shown the reaction product to be D-g&CtOhexodialdose, oxidation occurring at the C-6 rather than the C-l position (2). The pr...

Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a metalloenzyme that removes the N-terminal formyl groups from newly synthesized proteins. It is essential for bacterial survival, and is therefore-considered as a potential target for antimicrobial chemotherapy. However, some bacteria including medically relevant pathogens possess two or more def-like genes. Here we have examined two PDFs from Bacillus cereus. The ...

To understand the biological transport and utilization of dioxygen at the level of mechanistic chemistry it has been necessary to synthesize small molecules (active site sections) which carry out the binding or catalytic function. We have prepared iron porphyrin compounds which mimic the dioxygen binding to myoglobin and the oxidations catalyzed by peroxidases and related enzymes. Using a combi...

Isomerization of sugars is used in a variety of industrially relevant processes and in glycolysis. Here, we show that hydrophobic zeolite beta with framework tin or titanium Lewis acid centers isomerizes sugars, e.g., glucose, via reaction pathways that are analogous to those of metalloenzymes. Specifically, experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that glucose partitions into the zeo...

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphokine that activates mononuclear phagocytes. To test the hypothesis that IFN-gamma might have important effects upon the ability of human mononuclear phagocytes to degrade extracellular matrix, we have studied the action of this cytokine on the production of metalloproteinases and the counterregulatory tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by the h...

Phosphonates constitute a class of natural products that mimic the properties of the more common organophosphate ester metabolite yet are not readily degraded owing to the direct linkage of the phosphorus atom to the carbon atom. Phosphonate hydrolases have evolved to allow bacteria to utilize environmental phosphonates as a source of carbon and phosphorus. The work reported in this paper exami...

Ubiquitinated endosomal proteins that are deposited into the lumens of multivesicular bodies are either sorted for lysosomal-mediated degradation or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms that underlie the sorting of cellular cargo proteins are currently unknown. In this study, we show that the COP9 signalosome (CSN)-associated protein CSN5 quantitatively regulated p...