The temperature profile of infectious laboratory waste being autoclaved was examined relative to the type of containers used in the process. A standardized waste load (1,750 +/- 4 g) placed in the container was evaluated by using a direct readout thermocouple. The sensor of the thermocouple was placed within an unused and outdated agar plate, centrally located about 5 cm from the bottom of the ...

Due to the increase in world-wide containerized cargo transport port authorities are facing considerable pressure to increase efficiency of existing facilities. Container vessels with 18, 000 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) are expected soon to create high flow peaks at container terminals. In this paper we propose a new framework for managing intermodal container terminals, based on the mo...

The amount of container goods that is lost due to theft, piracy, accidents and damage is unfortunately increasing. Real time remote containers tracking and monitoring can help prevent losing track of container and goods, as well as provide actionable information in order to retrieve goods or minimize damage. Moreover, the ability to determine responsibility in case of damage or theft leads to r...

The main objective of this paper is to provoke and stimulate debate on the health effects of long-term, low-level exposure of human populations to toxic metals. Over one billion (10(9)) human guinea pigs are now being exposed to elevated levels of toxic metals and metalloids in the environment. The number of persons suffering from subclinical metal poisoning is believed to be several million. A...

For managing reefer containers more efficiently, it is important to optimally determine the block size and the layout of reefer containers in the early design phase. Work balances among blocks of a yard have a significant effect on the productivity of container handling activities in automated container terminals (ACTs), and thus, the productivity of the whole terminal highly depends on the lay...

In this paper, empty container movements in the Los Angeles and Long Beach (LA/LB) port area are studied in an effort to reduce congestion by optimizing the empty container reuse. The dynamic empty container reuse is modeled analytically, and techniques are developed to optimize empty container operations. Several case studies based on current and projected demand in the LA/LB port area are use...

Directed containers make explicit the additional structure of those containers whose set functor interpretation carries a comonad structure. The data and laws of a directed container resemble those of a monoid, while the data and laws of a directed container morphism those of a monoid morphism in the reverse direction. With some reorganization, a directed container is the same as a small catego...

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of switching from an open (glass or semi-rigid plastic) infusion container to a closed, fully collapsible plastic infusion container (Viaflex) on rate and time to onset of central lineassociated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). An open-label, prospective cohort, active healthcare-associated infection surveillance, sequential study was condu...

Let u and v be any two distinct nodes of an undirected graph G, which is k -connected. A container C(u,v ) between u and v is a set of internally disjoint paths {P1,P2, . . . ,Pw } between u and v where 1 ≤ w ≤ k . The width of C(u,v ) is w and the length of C(u,v ) {written as l [C(u,v )]} is max{l (Pi ) | 1 ≤ i ≤ w }. A w -container C(u,v ) is a container with width w . The w -wide distance b...