Metals, such as copper and silver, can be extremely toxic to bacteria at exceptionally low concentrations. Because of this biocidal activity, metals have been widely used as antimicrobial agents in a multitude of applications related with agriculture, healthcare, and the industry in general. Unlike other antimicrobial agents, metals are stable under conditions currently found in the industry al...

Heterogeneous catalysis, which is widely used in the chemical industry, makes a great use of supported late-transition-metal nanoparticles, and bimetallic catalysts often show superior catalytic performances as compared to their single metal counterparts. In order to optimize catalyst efficiency and discover new active combinations, an atomic-level understanding and control of the catalyst stru...

OBJECTIVES To assess the exposure to tungsten, cobalt, and nickel in a plant producing hard metals. The main components of hard metals are tungsten carbide and cobalt metal. According to recent studies, these two components may be responsible for both fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects. METHODS 87 workers were investigated (86 male, one female) with a median age of 42 (range 22-58) and a mea...

The metal mining industry faces many large challenges in future years, among which is the increasing need to process low-grade ores as accessible higher grade ores become depleted. This is against a backdrop of increasing global demands for base and precious metals, and rare earth elements. Typically about 99% of solid material hauled to, and ground at, the land surface currently ends up as was...

most of the water treatment plants in iran discharge their sludge to the environment whithout consideration of possible side effects. since this kind of sludge is generally considered pollutant, the sludge treatment of water industry seems to be an essential task. obviously theweight and volume of solids produced during the coagulation process are much more than other wastes of water treatment ...

The use of metal oxide single crystalline nanowires for chemical sensing of pollutant gases has been proposed as a reliable solution to ensure high sensor performance due to small size of the crystallites and good stability over long term operation at high temperature. To obtain enhanced sensing capabilities of ZnO nws, we prepared composite nanostructures based on p-type NiO and n-type ZnO NWs...

The progressive scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors drives the success of the global semiconductor industry. Detailed knowledge of transistor behaviour is necessary to overcome the many fundamental challenges faced by chip and systems designers. Grid technology has enabled the unavoidable statistical variations introduced by scaling to be examined in unpreceden...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution patterns and exposure concentrations of bioaerosols in industries suspected to have high levels of bioaerosol exposure. METHODS We selected 11 plants including 3 livestock feed plants (LF industry), 3 metal working fluids handling plants (MWFs industry), and 5 sawmills and measured total airborne bacteria, fungi, endoto...

Determining definite and consistent measurement and computation of materials and operations is of great importance for the operation procedures in metal industry. The effectiveness and efficiency of such decisions are greatly dependent on the domain understanding and empirical experience of engineers. The complexity and diversity of domain knowledge and terminology is the major hurdle for a suc...