Today, we are witnessing a rising incidence of obesity worldwide. This increase is due to a sedentary life style, an increased caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. Obesity contributes to the appearance of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications due to atherosclerosis, and nephropathy. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies may become a nec...

Obesity-induced diabetes is associated with chronic inflammation and is considered a risk factor for neurodegeneration. We tested the hypothesis that an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, resveratrol (RES), which is known to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects, would attenuate peripheral and central inflammation and improve memory deficit in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J mice...

A mathematical model of the acute cardiovascular response to isocapnic hypoxia is presented. It includes a pulsating heart, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, a separate description of the vascular bed in organs with the higher metabolic need, and the local effect of O(2) on these organs. Moreover, the model also includes the action of several reflex regulatory mechanisms: the peripheral c...

There are two independent serotonin (5-HT) systems of organization: one in the central nervous system and the other in the periphery. 5-HT affects feeding behavior and obesity in the central nervous system. On the other hand, peripheral 5-HT also may play an important role in obesity, as it has been reported that 5-HT regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Here we show that the intraperitoneal...

Much attention has focused on the effects of leptin as a central satiety agent. There is now a significant amount of evidence that leptin is active in the periphery. This review focuses on the ability of leptin to modify insulin sensitivity, tissue metabolism, stress responses, and reproductive function. Leptin's effect on several of these systems is mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis...

BACKGROUND Human breathing is regulated by feedback and feed-forward control mechanisms, allowing a strict matching between metabolic needs and the uptake of oxygen in the lungs. The most important control mechanism, the metabolic ventilatory control system, is fine-tuned by two sets of chemoreceptors, the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies (located in the bifurcation of the common...

Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) is known to have a substantial impact on the regulation of energy metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms. In this issue of the JCI, Ruiz de Azua and colleagues provide important insights into the regulation of adipocyte physiology by CB1. Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of the CB1-encoding gene had an overall improved metabolic profile in additi...

Treatment in oncology may lead to several adverse side effects, including those affecting the nervous system. These effects reduce quality of life patients, both during and after treatment, necessitate changes treatment regimen or reduction drug doses, thus reducing effectiveness therapy. The knowledge therapy-induced is essential for their early recognition differentiation from symptoms result...

he incidence and prevalence of different types of dizziess and balance disorders that affect both genders in old ge are high, and even higher in the long-lived elderly. alance depends on many factors, including the adequate unction of sensory, vestibular, visual, and somatosensory tructures; muscle strength; joint mobility; and cognition. he sensory structures can be impaired by common diseases...