Objective: 3-dimensional radiographic evaluation of the intraforaminal area are crucial to prevent complications during surgical procedures. This study aimed retrospectively determine incidence different shapes foramen, and presence anterior loop with aid cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
 Materials Methods: retrospective was performed on 176 patients whose CBCT images indicated were u...

An understanding of the structural relationships between the soft tissue anatomy of the face and the hard tissue anatomy of the skull is significant for craniofacial identification methods employed in forensic anthropology and forensic dentistry. Typically, mouth characteristics have been predicted from the teeth but this proves problematic in edentulous skulls. Some clue may, however, be provi...

Many endodontists avoid surgical procedures in proximity to the mental foramen. Although a healthy respect for regional anatomy is important, this should not be at the expense of failing to offer the most appropriate endodontic care. When correct preoperative diagnostic and surgical techniques are used, serious negative sequelae are rarely encountered. Three simple steps used during presurgical...

BACKGROUND Accessory mental foramen (AMF) is a rare anatomical variation. When accessory mental foramen is present, the nerves and vessels that go through the mental foramen (MF) must follow alternative courses and special care must be taken during dental treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and the location of AMF in a selected Polish population using co...

Fractures behind the mental foramen can be sufficiently stabilized by only one plate. In this area there are two anatomical danger points. The apex of the canine is normally long and may lie close to the osteosynthesis line. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that the drill holes are placed beside the apex and do not damage them. If this is not possible with a simple four-hole plate, a fou...