A s the “baby boomers” approach and enter their retirement years, the accumulation phase of their life-cycle is nearly over. Thus, the focus of many researchers, fi nancial services fi rms, and public policymakers concerned with retirement saving is shifting from the accumulation of resources while working to the drawdown of resources during retirement. Retired households are dependent on the a...

Cognitive flexibility reflects both a trait that reliably differs between individuals and a state that can fluctuate moment-to-moment. Whether individuals can undergo persistent changes in cognitive flexibility as a result of reward learning is less understood. Here, we investigated whether reinforcing a periodic shift in an object selection strategy can make an individual more prone to switch ...

OBJECTIVE The relationship between brain tumors and cognitive deficits is well established in the literature. However, studies investigating the cognitive status in low and high-grade gliomas patients are scarce, particularly in patients with average or lower educational level. This study aimed at investigating the cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with low and high-grade gliomas be...

Objective To compare children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), before and after the use of methylphenidate, and a control group, using tests of working memory, inhibition capacity and mental flexibility. Methods Neuropsychological tests were administrated to 53 boys, 9-12 years old: the WISC-III digit span backward, and arithmetic; Stroop Color; and Trail Making Tests. Th...

Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) differs from previous cognitive flexibility tasks in ASD research by giving children an abstract, ambiguous rule to switch. The ASD group (N = 22; Mean age = 8.28 years, SD = 1.52) achieved a lower shift percentage t...

background and objectives: philosophical mentality grant an individual the ability to think critically, analyse the situation correctly, make insightful decisions, and find appropriate solutions for the problems. evidence shows that this mental capability can also positively affect the individuals’ creativity. in the health domain, where the complexity of healthcare procedures poses challenges ...

BACKGROUND Inadequate oxygenation may cause lesions and brain atrophy during aging. Studies show a positive association between pulmonary function and the cognitive performance of individuals from middle age on. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aerobic physical exercises and respiratory training on the blood oxygenation, pulmonary functions, and cognition of the elderly. DESIGN This w...

BACKGROUND Individuals with substance-use disorder (SUD) often have co-occurring mental health disorders and decreased executive function, both of which are barriers to sustained rehabilitation. Clients with severe SUD can be institutionalized in The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care but are difficult to engage and dropout rates remain high. Recent studies suggest that acceptance and...

introduction and objective nowadays, one of the vital and essential concepts in the world is the health concept. from the psychology point of view, mental health is including the individual abilities to enjoy of life and find a balance between life activities and effort to achieve of the psychological flexibility. the purpose of this study was the comparison between mental health of smokers and...

OBJECTIVE This study sought to test the feasibility of a web-based Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) prototype prevention program called ACT on College Life (ACT-CL). METHOD A sample of 234 university students was randomized to either the ACT-CL website or a mental health education (MHE) website. RESULTS Findings indicated a lower level of user engagement and satisfaction ratings wit...