prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (pin) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. in this study, we applied the pin grading system on one-hundred cases of prostatic carcinoma and one-hundred cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, then compared the results. 74% of prostatic carcinoma and 51 % of pro...

background : insulin-like growth factor-1 can act in both an autocrine and paracrine manner to promote normal growth and malignant cellular proliferation. the importance of this factor as a major regulatory peptide has been established for cells, in vitro and in vivo. however, the role of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate canc...

perforin(p) is the primary mediator of short term cytotoxicity, it is accumulated in response to proinflammatory  cytokines and stored in t lymphocyte , nk cells and nkt cells are released upon activation. perforin is a prototypical cytotoxic molecule involved in cell mediated immunity against various pathogens , alloantigens and particularly different tumors.the purpose of this study was to de...

liver lesion is a common condition, which often detect incidentally. a large proportion of liver masses can be diagnosed by progression in imaging modalities. although, definite diagnosis of liver mass's nature can be made by biopsy of lesion and histopathologic examination, but with imaging findings, we can approach to the diagnosis. in this study, we review many valuable articles and scientif...

primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (pil) is a rare disease of intestinal lymphatics presenting with hypoproteinemia, bilateral lower limb edema, ascites and protein-losing enteropathy. we report a case of pil in a 22 year old patient from tabriz, iran who presented with anasarca edema, recurrent diarrhea, hypoproteinemia and confirmatory features of pil on endoscopy and histopathology. therefo...

background lower gastrointestinal bleeding (lgib) in children has many different etiologies and is a serious problem that warrants careful diagnostic work-up. materials and methods 164 colonoscopies were done during one year for determining the etiologies of lgib in children who was referred to children's medical center hospital. analyses of results were based on age, sex, etiology and clinical...

benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) is the most common condition in aging men, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. it is caused due to the augmented levels of the androgen dihydrotestosterone. dutasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor has been recommended for the treatment of bph upon oral administration. however, long term oral administration of dutasteride may cause sexual problem in man...

sheep (ovine) pulmonary adenocarcinoma (spa), also known as ovine pulmonary adneomatosis (opa),jaagsiekte and ovine pulmonary carcinoma (opc) is a contagious lung tumor in sheep and, more rarely, ingoats. this study was carried out in khuzestan, in the southwest of iran for a period of six months. a totalnumber of 3985 native breed goats were clinically inspected and postmortem examination was ...

background : a single nucleotide variation within  atechol-o-methyl transferase (comt) gene may alter the comt enzyme activity level. polymorphism of val158met in the comt gene has been related to malignancy. in this regard, a study was carried out to find a possible association between the comt gene polymorphism in patients with sporadic prostate cancer (pca) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (...

the present study evaluate the histopathologic findings and clinical indications in hysterectomized patients based on sonographic assessments. this study population consisted of all patients who were referred to the pathology ward of imam reza educational and treatment center (kermanshah, iran) during march 2006 to may 2012. the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin after fixation in form...