Episodic memory refers to the recollection of a representation that binds together into a unique past experience "what" happened, "where" and "when". Sleep has been identified as a state that optimizes the consolidation of newly acquired memory. To determine if sleep is important for the consolidation of episodic-like memory, we tested rats on an episodic-like memory task requiring the binding ...

Abstract: ِIntroduction: The effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. So in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (NO) and morphine in CA3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. Methods: After anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in CA3 of hippocampus. After reco...

The neural correlates for retention of visual information in visual short-term memory are considered separate from those of sensory encoding. However, recent findings suggest that sensory areas may play a role also in short-term memory. We investigated the functional relevance, spatial specificity, and temporal characteristics of human early visual cortex in the consolidation of capacity-limite...

objective(s): crocin influences many biological functions including memory and learning. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of crocin on learning and memory impairments in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats. materials and methods: diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (stz, 45 mg/kg). transfer latency (tl) paradigm in elevated plus-maze ...

Objective(s): Calcineurin (CN) is a main phosphatase and a critical regulator of cellular pathways for learning, memory, and plasticity. The FK-506 (tacrolimus),a phosphatase inhibitor, is a fungal-derived agent and a common immune suppressant extensively used for tissue transplantation. To further clarify the role of CN in different stages oflearning and memory the main aim of this study was t...

objective: elevated amino acid homocysteine (hcy) levels and insufficient physical activity are the risk factors in alzheimer disease (ad) development. the effect of intermittent aerobic training on memory retention test and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and superoxide dismutase (sod) levels in the dorsal hippocampus of rats which were stimulated with hcy is investigated. meth...

Previous research has supported the use of percent retention scores in the neuropsychological assessment of memory, and many widely used memory measures provide for the calculation and normative comparison of these scores. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), an increasingly utilized assessment tool for cognitive impairment, provides normative data on ...