objective(s) learning is defined as the acquisition of information and skills, while subsequent retention of that information is called memory. the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of boswellia papyrifera on learning and memory paradigms in mice and rats. materials and methods this study was held at the department of pharmacology, faculty of pharma...

‎ introduction: controversial results have been reported about the effect of morphine and stress on learning and spatial memory in rodents. there are very few studies about the effects of ultra low doses of morphine on memory. in this study, effects of acute administration of low and usual doses of morphine on memory formation and retention in the presence and absence of repeated stress were in...

introduction: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of either extracts of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, reduced ethanol-induced memory impairment. based on the above findings, we investigated the effect of crocin in antagonizing spatial learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist,...

morphine’s effects on learning and memory processes are well known to depend on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. whereas the role of the hippocampus in morphine-induced amnesia and state-dependent learning is established, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. the present study intended to investigate whether administration of morphine ...

background: the involvement of water-soluble carotenoids, crocins, as the main and active components of crocus sativus l. extract in learning and memory processes has been proposed. in the present study, the effect of crocins on sporadic alzheimer's disease induced by intracerebroventricular (icv) streptozocin (stz) in male rats was investigated. methods: male adult wistar rats (n = 90 and...

conclusions these results indicated that aqueous extract of lemon verbena (≥ 100 mg/kg) has undesirable effects on memory; however, understanding the underling mechanisms needs further investigation. background lemon verbena (lippia citriodora) has been known to have various pharmacologic activities. objectives lemon verbena leaves are used to make an herbal tea, which is traditionally used for...

introduction: a large body of evidence points to oxidative stress as prime candidate mediating the behavioral impairments and memory deficits in alzheimer's disease (ad). it has been demonstrated that hyperoxia preconditioning activates complex endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms including an increase in capacity of antioxidant defence mechanisms. the aim of this study was to investigate...

background: cyclooxygenase (cox) enzyme known as a regulatory factor in synaptic plasticity. it has been reported that synaptic plasticity is one of the mechanisms involved in learning and memory processes. in the current study peripheral injection's effects of sodium salicylate (as a non selective cox inhibitor) on spatial learning and memory have been investigated. methods: four groups of mal...