In Medical Nemesis, 1 perhaps the most infl uential defi nition of medicalisation ever written, historian-philosopher Ivan Illich argued that by overextending its scientifi c and cultural authority, modern medicine had itself become a threat to health, a fount of " doctor infl icted injuries " and " iatrogenic disease ". 1 Although Illich's 1975 book focused mainly on the role of the medical pr...