A review of medical ethics literature relating to the importance of the participation of patients in decision-making introduces the role of rights-based mediation as a voluntary process now being developed innovatively in America. This is discussed in relation to the theory of communicative ethics and moral personhood. References are then made to the work of medical ethics committees and the ro...

BACKGROUND People who exhibit value-induced bias- distorting relevant probabilities to justify medical decisions- may make suboptimal decisions. OBJECTIVE The authors examined whether and in what conditions people exhibit value-induced bias. DESIGN Volunteers on the Web imagined having a serious illness with 2 possible diagnoses and a treatment with the same "small probability'' of success ...

MDX is a medical diagnosis system, organized as a hierarchies collection of conceptual specialists, who cooperate to diagnose a case. The current domain of MDX is cholestasis, a syndrome involving the liver. MDX works in conjunction with a conceptually organized data base specialist (PATREC) and radiology consultant (RADEX). PROGRAM DESCRIPTION In the last IJCAI at Tokyo, we presented an approa...

BACKGROUND Dual processing theory of human cognition postulates that reasoning and decision-making can be described as a function of both an intuitive, experiential, affective system (system I) and/or an analytical, deliberative (system II) processing system. To date no formal descriptive model of medical decision-making based on dual processing theory has been developed. Here we postulate such...

OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have demonstrated the robustness of the framing effect in a variety of contexts. The present study investigated the effects of a debiasing procedure designed to prevent the framing effect for young adults who made decisions based on hypothetical medical decision-making vignettes. METHODS The debiasing technique involved participants listing advantages and disadvanta...

A review of medical ethics literature relating to the importance of the participation ofpatients in decisionmaking introduces the role of rights-based mediation as a voluntary process now being developed innovatively in America. This is discussed in relation to the theory of communicative ethics and moral personhood. References are then made to the work of medical ethics committees and the role...

The stochastic tree is a recently introduced generalization of the decision tree which allows the explicit depiction of temporal uncertainty, while still employing the familiar rollback procedure for decision trees. We offer in this paper an introduction to stochastic tree modeling and techniques involved in their application to medical treatment decisions. We also describe an application of th...