We describe a single flow transducer breath-by-breath gas exchange measurement system suitable for use during general anaesthesia. The system uses a Fleisch No. 2 pneumotachograph, a mass spectrometer and a microcomputer to give real-time continuous measurements. Correction for apparent gas exchange attributable to changes in gas stored in the lung (functional residual capacity) is available. T...

BACKGROUND Advance care planning (ACP) promotes care consistent with patient wishes. Medical education should teach how to initiate value-based ACP conversations. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate an ACP educational session to teach medical students a value-based ACP process and to encourage students to take personal ACP action steps. DESIGN Groups of third-year medical students participate...

background it is believed that healthcare staff play an important role in minimizing complications related to urethral catheterization. the purpose of this study was to determine whether or not healthcare staff complied with the standards for urethral catheterization.   methods this study was conducted in imam reza teaching hospital, tabriz, iran, from july to september 2013. a total of 109 cat...

Prefilming airblast atomization is widely used in aero engines. Fundamental studies on the annular configuration of atomizers are difficult to realize. For this reason, researchers focused planar configurations. In regard, Karlsruhe Institute Technology (KIT) developed a test rig conduct experimental activities, conforming large database with results for different conditions. Such data allow va...

every year large amounts of grapes are stores in normal and cold rooms to offer off-season of grapes to the market which based on several reasons their quality and weight greatly decreases. therefore, in order to decrease the post harvest losses of grapes and selection of suitable cultivars for long time storage, this study was conducted in two experiments, one in a factorial experiment based o...