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background:   facing an unfamiliar environment is always one of the biggest concerns for medical students who are going to have clinical educations in medical fields. recently early clinical exposure (ece) for medical students has been proposed as an effective factor in reducing stress and motivating toward the rest of their education as a clinical student. this study aimed at evaluation of ece...

conclusions since international accreditation standards have clearly stated all processes and organizations are required to implement them, obtaining the relevant licenses can ensure health tourist that they have selected the right country and the right hospital to access their desired medical services. results implementation of international accreditation standards has a significant effect on ...

background: health records serve several purposes and must be retained to meet those purposes. these varied purposes influence how long health records must be kept, or their retention period. the present study aimed to recognize laws and procedures related to retention of health records in selected countries and provide a proposed guideline for iran. methods: this was an applied, descriptive-co...

background and purpose: ideal education is obtained when excellence and promotion of faculty members (faculty development) considered in the university and it will not be possible unless the roles of faculty members (teachers) are explained in education. in addition, by extracting these roles we can reason a part of policies of conditional employment (contractual) and fixed employment, and theo...

extractit is in holy koran that one, who saves life of an individual from death, is likely to have saved all human beings. this sentence there is in mosaic law and probably in bible. on the other hand according to imman khomaini, if a doctor do harm for a patient, she/he is responsible, even if she/he has legal authorization. however sometime some physicians do mistakes which are opposite to me...

introduction: patient- centered and perspective approach which prefers prevention to cure, to improve and promote the services and care, not only recognizes free flow of patient’s information, but also concurrently is concerned about maintaining security and privacy as an important feature of health care system. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of accessibility and privacy of...

optimum sample size is an essential component of any research. the main purpose of the sample size calculation is to determine the enough number of units needed to detect the unknown clinical parameters or the treatment effects or the association after data gathering. it is not uncommon for studies to be underpowered and failing to detect the existed treatment effects due to inadequate sample s...