Abstract As the minimum feature size of integrated circuit elements has shrunk below 7 nm, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technology grown by leaps and bounds over past several decades. There been a growing interest in understanding fundamental science CMP, which continued to lag behind advances technology. This review paper provides comprehensive overview various phenomena such as con...

[Purpose] To investigate the impact of gender on mobilization and mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients in an intensive care unit. [Subjects and Methods] A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of the medical records of 105 patients admitted to a general intensive care unit. The length of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, weaning, time to sitting ...

BACKGROUND It is not clear whether the benefits of tracheostomy remain the same in the population. This study aimed to better examine the effect of tracheostomy on clinical outcome among prolonged ventilator patients. METHODS Data were from the medical claims data in Taiwan. A total of 3880 patients with ventilator use for more than 14 days between 2005 and 2009 were identified. Among them, 6...

BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a key component in the care of critically ill and injured patients. Weaning from MV constitutes a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs). Any delay in weaning may increase the number of complications and leads to greater expense. Nurse-led, protocol-directed weaning has become popular, but it remains underused. The aim of this study was to ident...

Mechanical ventilation originated as an in-hospital service but there is now an increasing demand for provision at home [1]. This is a consequence of social pressures, a better understanding of the significance of nocturnal hypoventilation in the pathogencsis of respiratory failure, and an awareness of respiratory muscle fatigue. It is important to recognize that there are two quite different c...

A mechanical metamaterial, a simple, periodic mechanical structure, is reported, which reproduces the nonlinear dynamic behavior of materials undergoing phase transitions and domain switching at the structural level. Tunable multistability is exploited to produce switching and transition phenomena whose kinetics are governed by the same Allen-Cahn law commonly used to describe material-level, s...

Sedation is often necessary to optimize care for critically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation. If too light or too deep, however, sedation can cause significant adverse reactions, making it important to assess the degree of sedation and maintain its optimal level. We evaluated the efficacy of the COMFORT scale in assessing optimal sedation in critically ill children requiring mechan...