background: nowadays, the concept of family planning has been detached from the population control and it is expressed as an essential element in women’s reproductive rights, empowering them and promoting their status in society. family planning services have an important role in fertility decisions using contraception methods in women. this study was carried out to explore the experience of wo...

We present a semantic analysis of the English it-cleft, concentrating on the exhaustive meaning which the cleft introduces. Our analysis has two novel aspects. The first novel aspect concerns the relationship of the it-cleft with focus. Clefts are generally regarded as focus-marking constructions. On the simplest account, the entire pivot of a cleft is taken to be focused. But in fact this is n...

Formal semantics has traditionally distinguished between extensional and intensional aspects of meaning, roughly equivalent to reference and what people intuitively call "meaning", respectively. It has primarily focused on extension, since this allows for predictions to be made and tested by building models of meaning that are directly grounded on reference, using set theoretic tools. Distribut...

The application of autonomous guided vehicles to well-structured industrial sites requires considerably more than a path planning algorithm onboard each vehicle. Issues such as task planning, vehicle routing and vehicle-vehicle interactions predominate in determining the overall system ability. We exhibit a mathematical model of a multiple vehicle system, which has similarities to the Timed Tra...

The recent approaches of extending the graphplan algorithm to handle more expressive planning formalisms raise the question of what the formal meaning of \expressive power" is. We formalize the intuition that expressive power is a measure of how concisely planning domains and plans can be expressed in a particular formalism by introducing the notion of \compilation schemes" between planning for...