The meal patterns of 2 cats in a laboratory habitat with variable foraging costs were examined in a foraging paradigm in which subjects could initiate meals at any time by completing a predetermined number of bar presses (the procurement price) and then could eat any amount. From meal to meal, the procurement price either was fixed or varied among a geometric series of five prices. As the fixed...

Four adult Sprague-Dawley rats (430-450 g), maintained on a 12:12 h dark/light cycle and 15% casein diet, were exposed to cold (5 degrees C) for 77 days and then transferred back to 24 degrees C. Throughout thisperiod, the feeding patterns of the rats were measured with recording balances. Cold exposure caused an immediate reduction in nocturnal meal frequency that remained low during the cold ...

Recent studies suggest that meal frequencies influence the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. It has also been shown that multiple genetic loci predispose to obesity already in youth. However, it is unknown whether meal frequencies could modulate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of obesity. We examined the effect of two meal patterns on weekd...

the experiment was to study the effects of replacing soybean meal by rubber seed meal on growth, economics and carcass characteristics of broiler. a total of 150 day-old commercial broiler (cobb-500) was reared for a period of 35 days. there were five treatments including t0 (without rubber seed meal), t1 (10% rubber seed meal), t2 (20% rubber seed meal), and t3 (30% rubber seed meal) and t4 (4...

this experiment was performed to investigate whether feeding xylose-treated soybean meal (xsbm) or corn gluten meal (cgm) is economically better under field conditions. ninety-four multiparous early lactating holstein cows (55±5 days in milk and 2.82±0.41 body condition score) were used in a completely randomized design. cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: xsbm or cgm as the m...

Social dynamics in group-housed animals can have important impacts on their welfare, feed efficiency, and production potential. Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate the effects of parity social grouping competition behavior, feeding patterns, 2) investigate cow-level relationships between production, efficiency. Fifty-nine Holstein cows (144.5 ± 21.8 starting DIM, mean SD) housed a freestall pen...