The non-equilibrium contributions to the post-Newtonian hydrodynamic equations are determined from a relaxation-time model of Boltzmann equation. Chapman- Enskog method is used calculate distribution function. components energy–momentum tensor found knowledge and equilibrium Maxwell–Jüttner functions. linearized field for mass, momentum internal energy densities coupled with three Poisson appro...

We examine the problem of the construction of a first order symmetric hyperbolic evolution system for the Einstein-Maxwell-Euler system. Our analysis is based on a 1 + 3 tetrad formalism which makes use of the components of the Weyl tensor as one of the unknowns. In order to ensure the symmetric hyperbolicity of the evolution equations implied by the Bianchi identity, we introduce a tensor of r...

The tangential equilibria are characterized by a bulk plasma velocity and a magnetic field that are perpendicular to the gradient direction. Such equilibria can be spatially periodic (like waves), or they can separate two regions with asymptotic uniform conditions (like MHD tangential discontinuities). It is possible to compute the velocity moments of the particle distribution function. Even in...

In the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), force ripple is harmful, useless and disturbing. The force ripple is basically composed of two components: detent force and mutual force ripple. This force is influenced by the geometric parameters of the permanent magnet (PM) motors; such as width, thickness and length of the magnet poles, length and thickness of the rotor and stato...

Performing fast and accurate methods for modeling the electrical machines has been the subject of several studies and many authors proposed different procedures to attain this aim. Beside the accuracy, the speed of the method is of great concern. On the other hand, the capability of the method to be changed according to the need is another important issue. Finite Element method provides relativ...

A bstract In previous work, a first law of generalized entropy was derived from semiclassical gravitational dynamics around thermal setups using an assumed relation between the matter modular Hamiltonian and stress tensor. Allowing for non-minimal coupling curvature any tensor fields, we show however, that states is given by integrated bulk Noether current associated to time translation plus sp...

The relativistic second-rank tensor containing electric and magnetic polarization vectors of a medium is obtained based on the Maxwell equations determination charge density current structural microparticle. Using this electromagnetic field tensor, Lagrangian interaction with microparticle taking into account its elements. has been constructed considering polarizabilities.

Let X be a smooth manifold of dimension 1 + n endowed with a Lorentzian metric g. The energy tensor of a 2-form F is locally defined as Tab := − ( Fa Fbi − 1 4 F Fijgab ) . In this paper we characterize this tensor as the only 2-covariant natural tensor associated to a Lorentzian metric and a 2-form that is independent of the unit of scale and satisfies certain condition on its divergence. This...

This contribution introduces a vector interpretation to unify the description of torque development in rotating electrical machines. The motivation behind this attempt is necessity applying different physical and calculation methods, such as Lorentz force, Maxwell stress tensor, co-energy methods etc., for predicting estimating components, e.g. synchronous torque, oscillating cogging reluctance...

The classical Rainich(-Misner-Wheeler) theory gives necessary and sufficient conditions on an energy-momentum tensor T to be that of a Maxwell field (a 2-form) in four dimensions. Via Einstein’s equations these conditions can be expressed in terms of the Ricci tensor, thus providing conditions on a spacetime geometry for it to be an Einstein-Maxwell spacetime. One of the conditions is that T 2 ...