this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

  Background and Aim: Blood donation causes changes in physical and physiological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of blood donation on the exercise performance and some of hematologic parameters in physically active and non-active women.   Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 active women with history of physical exercises more than ...

Objective: Motor-sensory disorder and lymphatic edema in the upper extremity are rather common problems after mastectomy. The effect of rehabilitation programs on these problems is inconsistent. Therefore, current study was conducted to determine the effect two methods of Pilates and Yoga exercises on range of motion upper extremity in women after mastectomy. Materials & Methods: A quasi-exper...

armenias geopolitics and its historical experience have had a determining impact on the character of its foreign policy .present-day armenia is a small, landlocked country with _11,620 square miles area armenias landlocked nature makes it dependent on the benevolence of its neighbors for access to the outside world a fact that gives it a sense of isolation and vulnerability. as it was indic...

the purpose of this two-phase, sequential mixed methods study was to find out whether there were any decencies between male and female ma students’ theses regarding the common features of academic writing such as syntactic complexity, means of integrating cited information, and organizing arguments. i chose 10 male written theses and 15 female written theses in tefl and linguistics. in the firs...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...