We develop a new and general formula for the granularity of a wide class of anisotropic media (for apertures of arbitrary shape) that exactly accounts for the microstructure. Using this formula, we compute for the first time to our knowledge, the granularity of a two-dimensional distribution of impenetrable, opaque circular disks for a wide range of densities and aperture sizes. These results a...

The problem of laying out a survivable IP network over a WDM network is considered. The links of the IP network are realized by unprotected lightpaths of the WDM network, and the lightpaths must be routed so that the IP network remains connected after any fault. Crochat and Le Boudec [2] introduced the problem for the case of single fiber-link failures, and Modiano and Narula-Tam [5] provided a...

Logging activities within the forestry sector commonly take several seasons for each region. Throughout each season, the workers directly involved within the logging activities are hosted at an accommodation close to the current logging location. However, the next cities or villages are usually far away. A common solution to this problem is the construction of logging camps that contain the com...

The first step in the analysis of a structure is to generate its configuration. Different means are available for this purpose. The use of graph products is an example of such tools. In this paper, the use of product graphs is extended for the formation of different types of structural models. Here weighted graphs are used as the generators and the connectivity properties of different models ar...

Nowadays, the proliferation of geographic information systems has caused great interest in geographical ontologies. Geographical ontologies have been introduced to facilitate knowledge sharing and to assist in recognizing spatial terms employed in a query. In this research the full model of the Nile River geographical ontology has been developed to meet the needs of the recognition of the termi...

In this article, the mathematical model used originally proposed by Bruce and co-workers was reviewed and extended. By assuming spherical symmetry of tumour, there were mathematical expressions in the form of partial differential equations along with some suitable conditions for density of proliferating tumor cells, quiescent tumor cells, surrounding tissue macromolecule (MM) and concentration ...

The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 233.929 GW as of December 2013. India currently suffers from a major shortage of electricity generation capacity, even though it is the world's fourth largest energy consumer after United States, China and Russia. The utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind power, biomass power etc. play a dominant role in el...

In this paper we present a mathematical programming approach to tighten a Big-M formulation (PM ) of a Mixed Integer Problem with Logical Implications (P ). If M0 is a valid vector (the optimal solutions of P belong to the feasible solutions set of PM0) our procedures find a valid vector M such that M ≤ M0. As a consequence, the upper bounds generated by using the linear relaxations of PM are s...

To generate a multicast routing tree guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS), we consider the hop constrained Steiner tree problem and propose a new mathematical formulation for it, which contains fewer constraints than a known formulation. An efficient procedure is also proposed to solve the problem. Preliminary tests show that the procedure reduces the computing time significantly.

This paper presents a class of hierarchical fuzzy system applied to a cigar classification system. The weight, texture and chromatic characteristics are used to classify multiple cigars using a previous classification based on heuristic knowledge. In the adaptive part, a gradient descendent and error backpropagation method is applied for adjusting the parameters. A detailed description of the a...