approach that simply requires unique numbers, whether generated by the user or the system (or both, in cooperation).

In this paper, a novel resilient multi-echelon closed-loop location-allocation-inventory problem (RMCLIP) is addressed that optimizes strategic and tactical decisions simultaneously. In order to represent the purchasing cost of raw material from the supplier, a pricing model under quantity discounts is employed in the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). Considering the capability of returning the ...

The purpose of this paper is to present a polynomial time algorithm which determines the lot sizes for purchase component in Material Requirement Planning (MRP) environments with deterministic time-phased demand with zero lead time. In this model, backlog is not permitted, the unit purchasing price is based on the all-units discount system and resale of the excess units is possible at the order...

Materials with the spinel crystal structure exhibit a diverse range of ground states and properties. These result from the interplay of spin, charge and orbital degrees of freedom over the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore sublattice. In certain spinels the interaction of ordered orbitals induces a structural distortion, due to the formation of clusters of directly bonded atoms called orbital...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the variable costs involved with the process of delivering erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) in European dialysis practices. METHODS A conceptual model was developed to classify the processes and sub-processes followed in the pharmacy (ordering from supplier, receiving/storing/delivering ESA to the dialysis unit), dialysis unit (dose determination, ordering, recei...

In recent decades, novel magnetism of dand f -electron compounds has been discussed very intensively both in experimental and theoretical research fields of condensed matter physics. It has been recognized that those material groups are in the same category of strongly correlated electron systems, while the low-energy physics of dand f -electron compounds has been separately investigated rather...

We present the results from investigations on a series of binary chiraldopant liquid-crystalline mixtures. The racemic host materials possess tilted smectic phases with varying strengths of synclinic and anticlinic ordering (SmC and SmCalt phases respectively). The dopants used were either a strongly synclinic-favouring non liquid-crystalline chiral material (commonly used in FLC chiral-dopant ...

In recent decades, novel magnetism of dand f -electron compounds has been discussed very intensively both in experimental and theoretical research fields of condensed matter physics. It has been recognized that those material groups are in the same category of strongly correlated electron systems, while the low-energy physics of dand f -electron compounds has been separately investigated rather...

Traditional neutron tomography allows to reconstruct the attenuation cross section, a measure for the material distribution, at high spatial resolution and non-destructively. However, it does not state anything about the ordering structure of the atoms inside this material. Extending the setup with a second neutron imaging detector, diffracted neutrons from the ordered crystal lattice could be ...