Mammalian CDK7 is a protein kinase identified as the catalytic subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase and as an essential component of the transcription factor TFIIH that is involved in transcription initiation and DNA repair. We have identified in human cells a number of CDK7-associated cellular proteins that appear to fall into two classes based on their relative [35S] met...

Many microorganisms produce surface-active substances that enhance the availability of water-insoluble substrates. Although many of these biosurfactants have interesting potential applications, very little is known about their biosynthesis. The basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago maydis secretes large amounts of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) under conditions of nitrogen starvation. We recently d...

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was devised for Aspergillus fumigatus. The system involved sequencing seven gene fragments and was applied to a panel of 100 isolates of A. fumigatus from diverse sources. Thirty different sequence types were found among the 100 isolates, and 93% of the isolates differed from the other isolates by only one allele sequence, forming a single clonal clust...

Species limits were investigated within the Fusarium graminearum clade (Fg clade) through phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from portions of 11 nuclear genes including the mating-type (MAT) locus. Nine phylogenetically distinct species were resolved within the Fg clade, and they all possess contiguous MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs consistent with a homothallic reproductive mode. In contrast...

Eyespot, caused by the related fungal pathogens Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae, is an important cereal stem-base disease in temperate parts of world. Both species are dispersed mainly splash-dispersed conidia but also known to undergo sexual reproduction, yielding apothecia containing ascospores. Field diagnosis eyespot can be challenging, with other causing similar symptoms, which comp...

Eyespot, caused by the related fungal pathogens Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae, is an important cereal stem-base disease in temperate parts of world. Both species are dispersed mainly splash-dispersed conidia but also known to undergo sexual reproduction, yielding apothecia containing ascospores. Field diagnosis eyespot can be challenging, with other causing similar symptoms, which comp...

consistent with a one-ribonucleotide imprint; moreover, the authors do not attempt to detect molecules with a 5′ ′ end corresponding to a one-nucleotide gap. In addition, if the strand were broken due to hydrolysis of an RNA imprint, the 5′ ′ end would be devoid of any ribonucleotide(s); therefore, an RNase T2 control digestion (presented in the paper) is not expected to affect the outcome. Las...