Background During mastication, the tongue presses bolus into pharynx by a "squeeze-back" motion, known as stage II transport (St2Tr). However, pressure of St2Tr tongue-palate contact has not been examined. Objectives We aimed to clarify aspects occurrence and during mastication measuring pressure. Methods Ten healthy adults (eight men, two women, aged 26.8 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. Tongue was...

BACKGROUND The particle size and structure of masticated almonds have a significant impact on nutrient release (bioaccessibility) and digestion kinetics. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to quantify the effects of mastication on the bioaccessibility of intracellular lipid of almond tissue and examine microstructural characteristics of masticated almonds. DESIGN In a randomized, subje...

Modulation of force during mammalian mastication provides insight into force modulation in rhythmic, cyclic behaviors. This study uses in vivo bone strain data from the mandibular corpus to test two hypotheses regarding bite force modulation during rhythmic mastication in mammals: (1) that bite force is modulated by varying the duration of force production, or (2) that bite force is modulated b...

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a critical articulation between the mandible and cranium. unique anatomy allows for multifaceted motion unlike any other in human body. bi-convex curvature of bony prominences facilitates compound hinging sliding movement, which are driven by muscles mastication constrained various ligamentous connections surrounding joint. Proper alignment function these st...

Anthropoids and tarsiers are the only vertebrates possessing a postorbital septum. This septum, formed by the frontal, alisphenoid, and zygomatic bones, separates the orbital contents from the temporal muscles. Three hypotheses suggest that the postorbital septum evolved to resist stresses acting on the skull during mastication or incision. The facial-torsion hypothesis posits that the septum r...