Introduction: Terrestrial studies of concretions have been strengthened from the NASA programs, with the study of “blueberries” in the Burns formation discovered by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Opportunity. Scientific interest on iron oxide concretions has increased from a point just a decade or two ago, when concretions were viewed simply as geologic “curiosities”. The purpose of this pape...

citrus fruits contain numerous nutrients and secondary metabolites including sugars, vitamin c, flavonoids and phenols which have high antioxidant activity and nutritional value. factors such as cultivar, type of stock and fruit position affect the amount of these compounds. hence in this study the amount of sucrose, glucose, total sugar, vitamin c, flavonoids and phenols in pulp, mesocarp and ...

and Introduction: A synthesis of a diverse suite of observations of H2O-related landforms that are possible Mars analogs from terrestrial polar regions (Devon Island in the Arctic; the Dry Va lleys of Antarctica) put into question any requirement for extended episode(s) of warm and wet climate in Mars’s past. Geologically transient episodes of localized H2O cycling, forced by exogenic impacts, ...

Bio-signatures play a central role in determining whether life existed on early Mars. Using a terrestrial basalt as a compositional analog for the martian surface, we applied a combination of experimental microbiology and thermochemical modeling techniques to identify potential geochemical bio-signatures for life on early Mars. Laboratory experiments were used to determine the short-term effect...

Introduction: Valles Marineris is the largest tectonic canyon in the solar system, with a length of ~2500 km, depths of up to 10 km, and widths in excess of 100 km. The location of this canyon on Tharsis, and its orientation radial to the center of the rise suggests Tharsis control of Valles Marineris tectonism. Tharsis loading dominated the tectonic history of Mars, accounting for the radial g...

Introduction: The last five decades of Martian exploration have shown evidence for standing surface liquid water in Mars' ancient past [1]. The Vi-king, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft have all observed valley networks in the equatorial and southern tropical regions of Mars [2][3]. As well, recent observations by the MRO HiRISE camera show geo-morpho...

The Mars regional atmospheric modeling system (MRAMS) is introduced, and selected model results are presented and compared with landed meteorological data when possible. MRAMS is descended from a nonhydrostatic Earth mesoscale and cloud-scale model that is widely used for forecasting weather and simulating atmospheric systems over complex terrain. Mesoscale models such as MRAMS are ideal tools ...

1. Introduction: Planetary neutron spectroscopy has proven to be highly successful in remotely detecting and measuring the abundance of water on planetary surfaces such as Mars and the Moon [1,2]. Because of the central role played by water on Mars and the need to make in situ measurements of water abundances for landed missions, neutron spectroscopy is also being investigated as a technique fo...

In an environment marked by growing claims regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR), debates on governance show the need for taking into account all the legitimate involved parties of the company within the framework of the legal or voluntary financial communication (Dowling and Pfeffer, 1975; Lind B lom, 1994; Gray et al.., 1995). If the accounting regulation, the laws and the rules in ...

[1] Because of its relevance for the global climate the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been a major research focus for many years. Yet the question of which physical mechanisms ultimately drive the AMOC, in the sense of providing its energy supply, remains a matter of controversy. Here we review both observational data and model results concerning the two main candidates...