We present a powerful grammar-based paradigm for electronic document markup: coordinated definite clause translation grammars. This markup is of a declarative character, being, in effect, a collection of constraints on the logical and physical structure of documents. To the best of our knowledge, coordinated grammars and their parsers can accommodate all of the descriptive and layout processing...

Various authors have sketched out proposals for identifying the meaning, or guiding the automated interpretation, of markup, sometimes with the goal of using the information expressed by markup to guide the extraction of information from documents and using it to populate reasoning engines. We describe one approach to the problems of building a system to perform such a task. Rendered by www.Ren...

A markup language serves as a medium of communication for storing and publishing textual, numeric and other forms of data seamlessly. XML, the eXtensible Markup Language has become the lingua franca in web publishing. It is also a widely accepted standard for databases and document storage. There are many domain-specific markup languages designed using special XML tag sets. Standardization bodi...

Overlap in markup occurs where some markup structures do not nest, such as where the sentence and phrase boundaries of a poem and the metrical line structure describe different hierarchies. LMNL (Layered Markup and Annotation Language) is a model for representing textual data, designed to recognize and account for layer separation and markup overlap. LMNL is specified as a data model, not as a ...

For the standardization of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 2.0, we proposed the functions specific to i-mode HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to the WAP Forum. As a result, we were able to assure the functional compatibility between the WAP 2.0 markup language and i-mode HTML. In order to technically verify the functional compatibility of the WAP 2.0 with i-mode HTML, we conducted the exper...

An experience from the process of adding logical markup to visually tagged scanned data is presented. The method of gradual markup enhancement is shown. Methods of navigation in a large hypertext document based on typesetting from logical markup are suggested—physical, logical and semantic user views. Their application on a 28 000 page project to create an electronic encyclopædia is described a...