We introduce backoff processes, an idealized stochastic model of browsing on the world-wide web, which incorporates both hyperlink traversals and use of the “back button.” With some probability the next state is generated by a distribution over out-edges from the current state, as in a traditional Markov chain. With the remaining probability, however, the next state is generated by clicking on ...

the notion of infinite order markov process is introduced and the markov property of the flow of information is established.

investors use different approaches to select optimal portfolio. so, optimal investment choices according to return can be interpreted in different models. the traditional approach to allocate portfolio selection called a mean - variance explains. another approach is markov chain. markov chain is a random process without memory. this means that the conditional probability distribution of the nex...

Cellular automata (CA) are time and space discrete dynamical systems that can model biological systems. The aim of this study is to simulate by CA experiments how the disease of periodontitis propagates along the dental root surface. Using a Moore neighborhood on a grid copy of the pattern of periodontal ligament fibers (PDLF) supporting and anchoring the teeth to bone, we investigate the fract...

In order to control the development of urban space, it is important explore scientific methods provide a reference for regional territorial space planning. On basis minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and cellular automaton (CA)-Markov model, we constructed new technical method delineating boundaries, exploring temporal spatial distribution characteristic land use in Wuhan from 2010 2020 ...

We used decision analysis techniques with Markov cohort modeling to examine the role of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) in follow-up surveillance strategies among patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Utilities were derived from a societal perspective.Using quality-adjusted life years (QALYS) as the outcome variable, the value of CA-125 monitoring for asymptomatic women with ovarian cancer was fou...

In this paper, the performance of the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol at MAC layer with sensing errors at physical layer is investigated. Here the sensing errors are captured by modifying the Markov chain model widely used for the CSMA/CA analysis called Bianchi’s model. We investigate the throughput as a function of carrier sensing error probabilities:...