one of the issues that in recent decades in the field of information economy is rapidly expanding economy under information and discussion in this major economic problem of asymmetric information is related. as we know in today's world information and trading stock market performance is the core. lateral velocity and symmetry of the main role of information and market efficiency is critical. on...

Understanding and measuring determinants of bid-ask spreads is decisive to clarifying the efficiency of the microstructure of any exchange and general market liquidity. This paper examines the market microstructure of a low liquidity, market maker driven option market, the relations to the underlying securities’ market and the challenges of pricing liquidity. Comparing empirical results with pr...

The purpose of this study is to compare the impacts of momentum on stock returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in different market conditions. For this purpose, the sample size is 120 months from 2008 to 2017. The research hypotheses are estimated using multivariate linear regression using time series method. Based on the results of the hypotheses test, the momentum in each of th...

The situation calculus is one of the most established formalisms for reasoning about action and change. In this paper we will review the basics of Reiter’s version of the situation calculus, show how knowledge and time have been addressed in this framework, and point to some of the weaknesses of the situation calculus with respect to time. We then present a modal version of the situation calcul...

having a full understanding of the world’s social-economic situation is the success key for industries automotive manufacturing industry is an extremely competitive one usually there is no clear guideline among automotive companies about technological causes behind their success and failure. this research provides an investigation about the world’s economic situation and the environmental situa...

A fundamental aspect of general reasoning about physical systems is qualitative reasoning about continuous processes. The situation calculus is proposed as a framework for qualitative reasoning with some desirable properties that are less evident in the traditional framework, qualitative physics. However, in order to handle qualitative reasoning about continuous properties, we extend the concur...

A narrative is a course of real events about which we might have incomplete information. Formalisms for reasoning about action may be broadly divided into those which are narrative-based, such as the Event Calculus of Kowalski and Sergot, and those which reason on the level of hypothetical sequences of actions, in particular the Situation Calculus. This paper bridges the gap between these types...

Concurrent events are treated merely by not forbidding them. Narrative is treated as a collection of situations and events and relations among them. Narrative is easier than planning, because it does not require that the effects of events be guaranteed. Prediction is harder than planning, because it requires that the actions be inferred from the motives of the actors.

We consider the problem of planning in complex domains where actions are stochastic, non-instantaneous, may occur concurrently, and time is represented explicitly. Our approach is based on the situation calculus based language Golog. Instead of general search for a sequence of actions, as in classical planning, we consider the problem of computing a deterministic, sequential program (with stoch...