background: foot -and- mouth disease (fmd) is endemic in iran. molecular techniques for diagnosis of persistent infection or carrier animals have shown a potential ability to improve the detection of a low genome copy number in samples. objectives: the purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of foot and mouth disease viral carriers in slaughtered sheep in mashhad industrial abattoir ...

conclusions the apri had the highest sensitivity and specificity (64% and 71%, respectively) for prediction of the presence of liver disease. we suggest that apri may be applicable for the detection of a severe liver disease. objectives in this study, we evaluated and compared several available indices of the severity of liver diseases in patients with hepatitis. patients and methods exclusion ...

Abstract Background and Objectives Clinical features of SARS-COV-2 virus include fever, headache, cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath, and in severe forms it leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, and ultimately death. Excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 leads to cytokine storms in this disease. The emergence of new va...

Background:In the recent decade, the reverse genetics method has been broadly used for rescue of negative-stranded RNA viruses from cDNA or viral minigenomes. This technique has been applied to study different steps in virus replication and virus-host interactions. Reverse genetics could also be implemented for design of new vaccines. The T7 RNA polymerase activity as well as virus (nucleocapsi...

maedi-visna (mv) virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis (cae) virus known as small ruminant lentiviruses (srlvs) cause chronic diseases in susceptible animals. the main reservoirs of these viral agents are sheep and goat. in sheep, mv virus causes a disease as the same name of the virus. this is the first seroprevalence survey of srlvs in sheep population of khorasan-e-razavi province in iran...

high morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection makes it an important disease world-wide. mouse is a very well-studied animal model for this disease with similar manifestation to human disease. it would be desirable to induce mucosal as well as circulating immune responses to obtain protection from infection and to decrease the spread of the virus. cell mediated immunity (proliferativ...

background and aims: infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute contagious viral disease of birds worldwide. the causative virus induces a persistent immune suppression following destroy b lymphocytes precursors in bursal lymphoid follicles. vaccination is the main strategy for prevention of the disease in commercial poultry industry. materials and methods: to produce a live vaccine against th...

on june 2005, a respiratory disease was observed in the chickens of a large broiler farm in kermanshahprovince, west of iran. relatively severe respiratory signs started with sneezing at 27 days of age. thedisease lasted up to the end of fattening period and accompanied by increased mortality (13.6%). at postmortemexamination, tracheitis, airsacculitis and pneumonia were obvious. serologic exam...

hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a self-limiting disease caused by a 27-nm rna virus from the picorna virus family. its' transmission is primarily via the fecal-oral route. the disease is usually mild and anicteric in children, however the rate of the icteric form, severity, and mortality increase in adult life. the estimated case-fatality rate in age over 40 years is approximately 2%, whil...