Abstract Repeat offenders receive longer sentences than first in virtually every modern jurisdiction. Such prior-record enhancements are politically popular. Scholars more divided, especially regarding severe enhancements. Retributivists have long disagreed about which enhancements, if any, morally justifiable and on what basis. This article advances the debate, offering lessons for retributivi...

The capacity for aerial maneuvering shaped the evolution of flying animals. Here we evaluate consequences of paravian morphology for aerial performance [1, 2] by quantifying static stability and control effectiveness of physical models [3] for numerous taxa sampled from within the lineage leading to birds (Paraves, [4, 5]). Results of aerodynamic testing are mapped phylogenetically [6, 7, 8, 9,...

This monograph reports on the development and use of the Victim Satisfaction with Offender Dialogue Scale (VSODS). We will: (1) present a rationale for the use of a standardized scale and discuss problems in the use of satisfaction data; (2) describe the psychometric development of the VSODS scale; (3) provide guidelines for the use of the VSODS scale; and, (4) present victim satisfaction resul...

Purpose. Research suggests that offender spatial decision-making is not random. However, little is known about if or how offences in a series influence where an offender will target next. Drawing on concepts and empirical findings from environmental criminology and the ecology literature, in this article I considerwhat spatial patternsmight be expected in the sequential crimes committed by seri...

This thesis develops a method to analyze the maneuvering forces on surfaced and underwater vehicles with complex propulsors. The analysis method is developed for general propellers yet has unique applicability to model highly contracting stern flows associated with integrated propulsors. Integrated propulsors exhibit strong coupling of the various blade-rows and duct, if present, to the vehicle...

The understanding of fish maneuvering and its application to underwater rigid bodies are considered. The goal is to gain insight into stealth. The recent progress made in NUWC is reviewed. Fish morphology suggests that control fins for maneuverability have unique scalar relationships irrespective of their speed type. Maneuvering experiments are carried out with fish that are fast yet maneuverab...

A nonlinear system model of maneuvering target detection was introduced. To estimate offset angles of pitch and azimuth, relative velocity of missile and target, and distance information while detecting maneuvering target, extended Kalman filter algorithm was introduced. Simulations of nominal trajectory and extreme trajectory shows that the proposed system model and filter design approach can ...

We proposed two approaches to tracking moving target with bearing-only measurement through incorporating observer trajectory optimization into passive tracking systems. The two optimizers algorithm are designed separately, and they are independent of any state estimators, which make them possible to be combined with any state estimators to achieve high accuracy maneuvering/non-maneuvering targe...