INTRODUCTION When spasticity interferes with comfort, function, activities of daily living, mobility, positioning, or caregiver assistance, patients should be considered for intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy. METHODS An expert panel consulted on best practices. RESULTS ITB can be considered for problematic spasticity involving muscles/muscle groups during all phases of diseases, including ...

Cerebral palsy is common, affecting about 2-3 per 1000 children. These children may have a motor disorder characterised by spasticity, dystonia or both. This can result in significant difficulty with activities of daily living, pain and long term joint deformity. There are a number of treatments available for the management of spasticity and dystonia. This review will examine indications and pr...

Although they are common symptoms of ALS , there is little information on the prevalence spasticity and spasticity-related pain. Consecutive patients were prospectively recruited from an referral center. Clinical assessment, functional scores, features pains has been recorded. In a cohort 150 patients, 36% presented with spasticity. Spastic younger, longer duration disease. Spasticity accelerat...

Classifications of gait and postural patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegiía are presented, based on the work of previous authors. The classifications are used as a biomechanical basis, linking spasticity, musculoskeletal pathology in the lower limbs, and the appropriate intervention strategies. The choice of target muscles for spasticity management, the muscle contractures requiri...

Spasticity is a common complication after spinal cord injury (SCI) within the upper motor neuron syndrome. We describe it in 2 parts: in the first one (Part 1) the pathophysiology, clinical features and assessment are shown, and in this part (Part 2) its treatment will be considered. Once it has been decided to treat spasticity, the treatment is based on starting with simpler and less problemat...

ashworth and modified ashworth scales are the most widely used tests to assess the severity of muscle spasticity. these clinical scales offer qualitative and subjective information and consequently there are issues concerning reliability when two or more clinicians are involved in assessment of spasticity. this article presents the result of a study assessing inter-rater reliability of the orig...

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type of CP. Up to 80% of all individuals with cerebral palsy suffer from some degree of spasticity. Spasticity adversely affects muscles and joints of the extremities, causing abnormal movements, and it is especially harmful in growing children. Several methods have been developed and used to assess spasticity. The most commonly used test in clinic...

objectives: the main purpose of this research was to study and contribute to an accurate test of spastic limb. the intra, inter rater reliability of the test was examined. methods: the present study was carried out in two parts in the first part of the study, the modified ashworth scale with intermediate scores (asis) was studied. during the second part of the study the intra, inter rater relia...

Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is the term for a group of neurological disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and muscle weakness in lower limbs. Its etiology genetic has been associated with mutations more than 60 genes. HSP rare may be useful differential diagnosis cerebral palsy. Case presentation: 16-year-old male due to mutation NIPA1 gene:c.316G>A (p. Gly1...