Reelin signaling is required for appropriate cell migration and ductal patterning during mammary gland morphogenesis. Dab1, an intracellular adaptor protein activated in response to reelin signaling, is expressed in the developing mammary bud and in luminal epithelial cells in the adult gland. Reelin protein is expressed in a complementary pattern, first in the epithelium overlying the mammary ...

The estrogen receptor was characterized in a new transplantable mammary tumor line (MXT) which was induced by urethan treatment in C57BL x DBAf F, mice. The tumor is a ductal papillary carcinoma that is ovarian dependent. Treat ment of ovariectomized mice with estradiol benzoate results in rapid growth of the tumor. Cytoplasmic and nuclearbound estrogen receptors were measured by the charcoal a...

The estrogen receptor was characterized in a new transplantable mammary tumor line (MXT) which was induced by urethan treatment in C57BL x DBAf F, mice. The tumor is a ductal papillary carcinoma that is ovarian dependent. Treat ment of ovariectomized mice with estradiol benzoate results in rapid growth of the tumor. Cytoplasmic and nuclearbound estrogen receptors were measured by the charcoal a...

While protease-activated receptors (PARs) play a traditional role in vascular biology, they emerge with surprisingly new assignments in tumor biology. PAR1 expression correlates with the invasion properties of breast carcinoma, whereas human PAR1 antisense reduces their ability to migrate through Matrigel. Part of the molecular mechanism of PAR1 invasion involves the formation of focal contact ...

Nipple discharge is a common symptom women complain of. It is classified as normal or abnormal depending on features such as laterality, cycle variation, quantity, color or presentation (induced vs spontaneous). It can be related to benign conditions such as intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, plasma cell mastitis, galactorrhea or malignant such as ductal or papillary carcinoma. Techniques use...

Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) is a rare manifestation of breast carcinoma involving the nipple. Our objective was to identify molecular markers and molecular subtypes that may predict patients at high risk of developing MPD. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed with antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), HER2, epidermal growth fact...

BACKGROUND When cells fail to maintain a balance between proliferation, terminal differentiation, and programmed cell death, cancer often results. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors regulates many genes involved in the processes of proliferation and terminal differentiation. The messenger RNA for C/EBPbeta is translated into two major isoforms, LAP (liver...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer cells can invade and generate metastasis via either lymphatic or blood vessels. E-cadherin mediates tumor cell-cell adhesion. Partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In this study, the expression of E-cadherin was examined in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive breast carcinomas without metastasi...

Mammary glandular tissues and mammary secretions were obtained from sheep at 2-60 d after weaning to study the leucocyte phenotypes associated with mammary involution. From 2-4 d after weaning, neutrophils were the predominant leucocytes in the alveolar and ductal lumina. Lymphocytes were present in the alveolar and ductal epithelium, interalveolar and periductal areas. Most of the lymphocytes ...

The coexistence of breast cancer and tuberculosis has been described in over 100 cases; however its coexistence in the axillary lymph node is rare with only a handful cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast, metastatic to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes harbouring tuberculous lymphadenitis without primary mammary or pulmo...