The thyroid dysfunction, which is quite prevalent in the population, affects many organs including male and female gonads, thus interfering with the human reproductive physiology. Prolactin has suppressive effect on the pituitary –ovarian axis and may result in amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea due to anovulatory cycles. Hyperprolactinemia is a common problem in reproductive dysfunction, affecting a...

background: high content of phospholipids in testes and epididymis is involved in regulation of spermatogenesis. on the other side, it makes testes susceptible to oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation, which alters the normal mechanism of spermatogenesis. objective: in the present investigation, antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of parsley, lettuce and brahmi were tested against d-...

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) span two current areas of sexual selection theory, namely the roles of multiple mating in determining individual reproductive success, and of parasites in mate choice, yet have been relatively neglected in the ecological literature. I reviewed the occurrence of STDS in populations of commercially kept birds and found widespread evidence for the existence of ...

background: besides the well-known adverse effects of valproate (vpa), disorders related to male reproductive functions have been reported. furthermore, only a limited number of previous studies have reported the relationship between vpa dose and impairment of the hormonal axis and semen quality. a patient with reversible changes that occurred in the sperm parameters after a dose increment of v...

Microbes play key roles in shaping the physiology of insects and can influence behavior, reproduction and susceptibility to pathogens. In Sub-Saharan Africa, two major malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii, breed in distinct larval habitats characterized by different microorganisms that might affect their adult physiology and possibly Plasmodium transmission. We analyzed the repro...

The purposes of the present study were to clarify age- and season- related androgen patterns, and to compare the reproductive physiology between Japanese captive koala populations and Australian populations. To measure fecal androgens, feces were collected from male koalas (4.2 to 13.8 years of age) kept in Japanese zoos. Fecal androgens were extracted with methanol from the lyophilized samples...

Reproductive health is the basic human right which refers a state of complete physical, social and mental well‐being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. However during the past few decades, a number of reports have appeared, which have raised serious concerns about the development of reproduct...