Several evidences have indicated that many nuclei in the brain have critical role in water intake. Angiotensin II is one of the most important neurotransmitters involved in regulation of fluid homeostasis. In this study, the interaction of i.c.v. injection of captopril and histamine on water intake in adult male water-deprived rats was investigated. Rats were implanted with guide cannula aimed ...

Early life stress poses a risk for the development of psychopathologies characterized by disturbed emotional, social, and cognitive performance. We used maternal separation (MS, 3h daily, postnatal days 1-14) to test whether early life stress impairs social recognition performance in juvenile (5-week-old) and adult (16-week-old) male Wistar rats. Social recognition was tested in the social disc...

objective(s):this study was designed to investigate the effect of phaleria macrocarpa aqueous extract (pm) on spermatogenesis by observing the histological changes of testes in adult male rats. materials and methods: pm was prepared by boiling the dried slices of p. macrocarpa fruits followed by filtering, centrifugation and freeze-drying to obtain the powder form. eighteen sprague dawley adult...

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the sex-differentiated metabolism of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and of several other steroid hormones in adult rat liver is "feminized" following neonatal castration of male rats, due to an influence via the hypothalamo-pituitary-liver axis. The metabolism of many xenobiotics is also sex differentiated, and an important question is whether endocri...

Isoforms of the recently cloned vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1-3) selectively accumulate glutamic acid into synaptic vesicles in excitatory axon terminals and are viewed as reliable markers for glutamatergic neurons. Our present studies provided dual-label in situ hybridization evidence that virtually all (99.5%) GnRH neurons express VGLUT2 mRNA in the preoptic region of the adult mal...

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanol on pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression in adult rat testes. Ethanol (3 g/kg i.p., 15% v/v in saline) was administrated to adult male rats for 10 days. Using northern blot analysis, we elucidated the decrease of PACAP mRNA in rat testes by ethanol administration. The level of PACAP mRNA was decreas...

introduction: aggressive behavior is a major issue in the field of mental health. pharmacotherapy is often used for the treatment of violent individuals. a neurochemical system most consistently linked with aggression is the gabaergic system. the aim of the present investigation was to examine the effect of muscimol (gabaa agonist) 250 and 500 ng/rat and picrotoxin (gabaa antagonist) 1.5 and 3 ...

Dacryodes edulis, a multipurpose plant contains high concentrations of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents that protect against tissue damage. The study was aimed at determining the ethanolic seed extract dacryodes edulis on paraquat induced testicular toxicity in male adult wister rat. Fifty-four albino rat weighing between 150-180g were used for study. LD 50 determined both dacryodesedulis...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of lepidium sativum(LS) on sperm parameters in adult rat. Materials and Methods: Male adult rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=5) received normal salin; group2: received 200 L.S extract; group3: received 400 LS extract. All groups were treated for 21 days. Evaluations were made by hysto...