An evaluation of malaria transmission and epidemiology in the Amazonian city of Belém over the last 70 years shows that (1) Anopheles darlingi, reported to be eradicated in 1968, reappeared in the mid 1990s, with a marked increase in abundance between 1997 to 1999 in two of three districts sampled; (2) An. darlingi and An. aquasalis are each implicated in current malaria transmission in differe...

Globalization and urbanization with their inherent developmental activities and ecological transformations impact on malaria epidemiology. Entomological factors involved in malaria transmission in periurban Lusaka were assessed prior to vector control reintroduction. Data was collected through standard entomological and epidemiological protocols and a pretested structured questionnaire. Larval ...

Malaria is a highly debilitating vector-borne parasitic infection which has been known to be mortal and morbid human beings for centuries now. As of today, the success rate effective control strategies less; however there have several riveting developments. These include: 1. A global incidence decrease in malaria cases; 2. The development non-malaria transmissible transgenic mosquitoes 3. launc...

An agent-based model was developed to assess the use of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes (GMMs) as a control strategy for the Malaria epidemic. Mosquitoes responsible for the transmission of Malaria (vectors) have been modified genetically so that the probability of transmitting the parasite causing the disease when biting a human being is reduced with respect to wild type vectors. Our model rep...

The life cycle of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) is remarkably complex. Malaria parasites must engage in highly specific and varied interactions with cell types of both the mammalian host and the mosquito vector. In this issue of Cell, report detailed molecular insights into an intimate interaction between a malaria parasite protein and its host cell receptor that enables the parasite to inv...

Transmission of insect-borne diseases is shaped by the interactions among parasites, vectors, and hosts. Any factor that alters movement of infected vectors from infected to uninfeced hosts will in turn alter pathogen spread. In this paper, we study one such pathogen-vector-host system, avian malaria in pigeons transmitted by fly ectoparasites, where both two-way and three-way interactions play...

BACKGROUND A sharp rise in the malaria mortality rate has been observed recently in western Kenya. Malaria is transmitted by mosquito vectors. Malaria control strategies can be more successful if the distribution and abundance of mosquito vectors is predicted. However, how mosquito vectors are distributed in space remain poor understood, and this question is rarely studied using spatial methods...

The attack rate among these soldiers was 53.3% (8/15): 7 P. vivax infections and 1 co-infection with P. vivax and P. falciparum. Mosquitoes were collected 3 months later by using human landing catches during 5 consecutive days. The area had been free of illegal gold mining activities since the 15 soldiers were deployed. A total of 321 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in this location; 95.6% ...

Determining malaria vector species and age is crucial to measure malaria risk. Although different in ecology and susceptibility to control, the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis are morphologically similar and can be differentiated only by molecular techniques. Furthermore, few reliable methods exist to estimate the age of these vectors, which is a key p...