Much like books have “implied readers” and films have “implied viewers”, games have “implied players”. The ways in which these implied players are constructed have material implications for how games are designed and studied. In this paper I explore a pervasive narrative about the ways in which players seek to subvert the desires of game designers and storytellers. This narrative of the subvers...

I. Introduction Multi-level programming is a powerful technique for solving hierarchical decision-making problems.Multi-level optimization plays an important role in engineering design, management, and decision making in general. Ultimately, a designer or decision maker needs to make tradeoffs between disparate and conflicting design objectives. The field of multi-level optimization defines the...

In many languages, the mechanism of protected members is critical to making inheritance work. It allows access to some of the internals of a base class B to the designer of a derived class D, while denying it to clients of B. We develop an axiomatic approach in which class behavior is speciied in terms of an abstract speciication AND a concrete speciication, the former for use by a client, the ...

The goal of this project is developing an expert system that aims to help software designers while designing objectoriented software by automating object-oriented design process. Some novel points are : using an interactive user interface, to enable software designer and expert system can communicate with each other in order to determine the best design, without disturbing the creativity of the...

Is it possible to conduct player modeling without any players? In this paper we use Monte-Carlo Tree Search-controlled procedural personas to simulate a range of decision making styles in the puzzle game MiniDungeons 2. The purpose is to provide a method for synthetic play testing of game levels with synthetic players based on designer intuition and experience. Five personas are constructed, re...

Genetic data from autosomal loci in diploids generally consist of genotype data for which no phase information is available, making it difficult to implement a test of linkage disequilibrium. In this paper, we describe a test of linkage disequilibrium based on an empirical null distribution of the likelihood of a sample. Information on the genotypes of related individuals is explicitly used to ...

This study presents a comprehensive design process of medicalized wellness service clinic project aligned with the emerging market. The designer, who has background in research, management, and interior design, utilized an evidence-based framework to integrate intangible provision sequence into tangible language. In addition, client, is familiar medicine framework, participated programming sche...

This article presents a reinterpretation of ‘‘internalized oppression’’ and ‘‘internalized domination,’’ not as internal, psychological qualities or characteristics, but rather as sociocultural phenomena—that is, as forms of ‘‘mediated action.’’ Mediated action entails two central elements: (1) an agent, the person who is doing the acting, and (2) cultural tools (or ‘‘mediational means’’), the ...